God Removes Sin

¹ Then the (interpreting or guiding) angel showed me Jeshua (Joshua) the high priest standing before the Angel of the LORD. The Accuser (Attacker, Adversary) Satan was there at the Angel’s right hand, making accusations against Jeshua (Joshua). ² And the LORD said to Satan, “I, the LORD, reject your accusations, Satan. Yes, the LORD, who has chosen Jerusalem, rebukes you. This man is like a burning stick that has been snatched from the fire.” ³ Jeshua’s clothing was filthy (sins) as he stood there before the Angel. ⁴ So the Angel said to the others (angels) standing there, “Take off his filthy clothes.” And turning to Jeshua (Joshua) He said, “See, I have taken away your sins, and now I am giving you these fine new clothes.” …  ⁶ Then the Angel of the LORD spoke very solemnly to Jeshua (Joshua) and said, ⁷ “This is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies says: If you follow My ways and carefully serve Me, then you will be given authority over My Temple and its courtyards. I will let you walk among these others (angels) standing here ….” Zechariah 3:1-4, 6-7, New Living Translation 2^nd Edition

There is an old saying, “No one is perfect, and we are all sinners.” That is so true as EVERYONE has sinned and fallen short of the high holy standards set by the true and living LORD God (e.g., see Isaiah 64:6; Romans 3:9, 23; Romans 5:12). Even God’s chosen people (the Jews) and their leader and high priest Joshua (Jeshua) sinned before the holy LORD God and stand condemned (Zechariah 3:1; see also Zechariah 2:8). Sadly, the Attacker and Accuser, the Satan, stands ready to bring our many sins before the living and holy LORD God (Zechariah 3:1; see also 1 Peter 5:8-9; Revelation 12:10). However, there is GOOD NEWS for our sins and condemnation (e.g., see Romans 8:1, 33-34, 39)!

In the opening verses of chapter 3, Zechariah is once again accompanied by a guiding or interpreting angel (see Zechariah 3:1). Throughout Zechariah’s prophecy, a guiding or interpreting angel reviewed Zechariah’s understanding and explained his many night visions from the LORD (e.g., see Zechariah 1:9, 13-14, 19, 21; Zechariah 2:2-3; Zechariah 4:1, 4-5, 10-13; Zechariah 5:5, 10; Zechariah 6:4-6). Now in chapter 3, the interpreting angel showed the prophet Zechariah the high priest Joshua (Jeshua)[1] as Joshua stood before the Angel of the LORD while the Accuser and Attacker, the Satan, was accusing and attacking him (see Zechariah 3:1). Joshua stood before the LORD as a representative of Israel. The living LORD God treasured and called Israel a be His Kingdom of priests and a holy nation serve Him for His glory and honor (Exodus 19:5-6; see also Deuteronomy 7:6; 1 Peter 2:5, 9; Revelation 1:5-6; Revelation 5:10). Some biblical scholars describe this scene in Zechariah 3 as a heavenly courtroom with the Attacker (the Satan) as the prosecuting attorney accusing Joshua and his people for their many wrongdoings and demanding the LORD God’s punishment (see Zechariah 3:1).

In Zechariah’s prophecy, Zechariah sees once again the “Angel of the LORD” (Zechariah 1:7-8, 10-12; see also Genesis 16:7-13; Genesis 21:17; Exodus 14:19-20; Exodus 23:20-26). Beginning with chapter 1, Zechariah had a vision of the Angel of the LORD leading a heavenly army or cavalry astride red, brown, and white horses, and this heavenly army patrols the earth for the LORD God (Zechariah 1:8, 10; see also Zechariah 6:2-7). Amazingly, the book of Revelation also references these heavenly horsemen (see Revelation 6:2-8).

For centuries, biblical scholars have debated the identity of “Angel of the LORD.” Many biblical scholars believe this Angel of the LORD is the Second Person of the Godhead (Trinity) – Jesus Christ (Messiah). Biblical scholars refer to the Jesus’ appearance during Old Testament times as a Christophany where Jesus appeared as a Revealer or Messenger of the living LORD God. Other scholars believe the Angel of the LORD is a Theophany or a self-manifestation of the living LORD God. However, other scholars believe the Angel of the LORD is a spokesman or messenger for the living LORD God. In Hebrew, “malʾach” or “mal’ak” means “messenger.” The Hebrew word “malʾach” or “mal’ak” in the Old Testament is equivalent to the New Testament Greek word “angelos.” The words “malʾach” or “mal’ak” and “angelos” mean “messenger.”

Amazingly in Zechariah’s prophecy, the Angel of the LORD reports directly to the living LORD God Almighty as He pleads for compassion, forgiveness, and mercy upon Jerusalem (see Zechariah 1:11-13; Zechariah 3:1; Zechariah 12:8). Importantly, the Holy Scriptures teach that the Angel of the LORD encamps and positions around those who fear, honor, and obey the living LORD God to deliver, protect, and rescue them from harm (e.g., see Exodus 23:20-26; Psalm 34:7; 2 Kings 6:16-17; Daniel 3:28; Daniel 6:22; Acts 12:11). The living LORD God sends His holy messengers to rescues and saves those who love and trust in Him (e.g., see Psalm 34:8; Daniel 3:28-29; Daniel 6:22, 27). Even more, for the eyes of the living LORD range throughout the earth to strengthen, favor, and support those whose hearts are FULLY depended and committed to Him (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 16:8-9; Psalm 33:17-19; Psalm 34:15-16; Proverbs 15:3; Hebrews 4:13; 1 Peter 3:12).

Zechariah’s prophecy is filled with angelic beings. Angels are created beings whose primary function is to serve and worship the living LORD God, who is the glorious King and Judge of all the universe (e.g., see Isaiah 6:1-5; Matthew 18:10; Revelation 4:1-2, 9-11; Revelation 5:11-14; Revelation 7:11-12). Some Hebrew biblical translations refer to angels as “sons of God” (e.g., see Genesis 6:2; Job 1:6). Moreover, angels stand in the very Presence of the living LORD God Almighty (Yahweh also known as Jehovah) to be used for His sovereign and divine purposes (e.g., see Zechariah 6:5; Luke 1:19). Essentially, angels are messengers or servants of the living LORD God and must NEVER be worshipped (e.g., Revelation 19:10; Revelation 22:8-9). Furthermore, angelic beings are part of the living LORD God’s heavenly court or heavenly army; therefore, the Holy Scriptures sometimes refers to the living LORD God as the LORD of Hosts or the GOD-of-the-Angel-Armies (e.g., see Genesis 6:2-4; 1 Samuel 1:3; Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Psalm 29:1-4; Psalm 82:1, 8; Psalm 89:5-8; Luke 2:13-15; Revelation 19:14). Human beings such a true prophet of God is privileged to visit and see the heavenly council of the LORD (e.g., see 1 Kings 22:19-23; Job 15:8; Jeremiah 23:18, 22). Additionally, Hebrews 1:14 confirms that heavenly angels help and serve God’s people (believers) at the living LORD God’s will and direction (see also Exodus 14:19-20; Daniel 12:1). At the Lord Jesus’ Second Coming (Advent), He will come with the heavenly angels to both judge and bless (e.g., see Matthew 13:36-43; Matthew 24:30-31; Mark 13:26-27; Luke 20:35; 2 Thessalonians 1:7-10; Jude 1:14-16; Revelation 14:14-20).

Moreover, the Holy Scriptures refer to “archangels,” who are called the mightiest of angels (e.g., see Daniel 10:10-14, 18-21; Daniel 12:1; 1 Thessalonians 4:16; Jude 9; Revelation 12:7-9). Jewish apocalyptic literature of the postexilic period described seven archangels who stand in the Presence of God: Suruel, Raphael, Raguel, Michael, Gabriel, Remiel, and Uriel (Daniel 8:16; Daniel 9:21; Luke 1:19, 26; see also Tobit 12:15; 1 Enoch 20:1-7; 1 Enoch 9:1; 1 Enoch 40:9).

In the Holy Scriptures, including the book of Zechariah, the Satan appeared before the living LORD God Almighty in His heavenly court (Zechariah 3:1-3; see also Job 1:6-12; Job 2:1-6; Ephesians 6:12). Zechariah’s portrayal of Satan echoes the stories in Genesis 3 and Job chapters 1 and 2. Satan has supernatural powers to oppress, tempt, deceive, and harm people and to test a person’s allegiance and faithfulness to the living LORD God Almighty (e.g., see Job 1:9-11; Matthew 4:1-11; Matthew 17:14-18; Luke 13:16; Luke 22:3, 31-32; 1 Thessalonians 3:5). Sadly, Satan and his evil spirits are present in the LORD’s heavenly court but for malicious intent! The Holy Scriptures teaches you can recognize Satan and his evil minions by their bad fruit and bad deeds. Satan and his evil minions are liars, deceivers, adulterous, greedy, unforgiving, drunkards, selfish, prideful, murderers, divisive; and thieves (e.g., see Matthew 7:15-23; John 8:44; John 10:10; Jude 1:12, 16, 19; Revelation 12:9). From the very beginning, Satan has been sinning as the lawless one (e.g., see 1 John 3:8).

However, the living LORD God Almighty CONTROLS, REBUKES, and CONSTRAINS Satan and his evil spirits for His divine purposes and will (Zechariah 3:1-3; see also 1 Samuel 16:13-14; 1 Kings 22:19-23; Job 1:6-12; Job 2:1-8; Psalm 109:6; Luke 22:31). The living LORD God and His Son Jesus can deliver anyone FROM and PROTECT one from Satan and his evil minions (e.g., see Matthew 6:13; John 17:15; Acts 26:15-18). Importantly, the living LORD God Almighty turns people over to Satan and his evil alliance who disobeys Him and refuse to walk in His good and holy ways (e.g., see Luke 22:31; 1 Corinthians 5:5; 1 Timothy 1:20). Through one’s evil and lawless lives, the living LORD God Almighty allows such disobedient and rebellious people to experience the unrest, chaos, depression, destruction, and depravity of the Satan and his evil alliance (e.g., see Romans 1:18-32; Jude 1:10-11).

In Zechariah 3, the living LORD God Almighty turned to Satan and said, “The LORD rebuke you, Satan! The LORD, who has chosen Jerusalem, rebuke you! Is not this man a burning stick snatched from the fire?” (see Zechariah 3:2, New International Version). Satan stood attacking and accusing Joshua and God’s chosen people, the Jews (see Zechariah 3:1-2). However, the living LORD God rebuked and protected Joshua and His chosen people from Satan (Zechariah 3:2; see also Deuteronomy 4:20; Zechariah 1:16-17). The living LORD God once again plucked, redeemed, and saved His people out of the fires and dangers (Zechariah 3:2; see also Deuteronomy 4:20; Isaiah 48:10; Isaiah 43:1-6)! The people of Zechariah’s generation REPENTED, CONFESSED THEIR SINS, and RETURNED to the living LORD God with wholehearted faith and obedience to Him (Zechariah 1:3, 6, 16; see also 2 Chronicles 7:14; Isaiah 44:22; Daniel 9:2-19; Malachi 3:7). Because of the people’s repentance and confession, the living LORD God FORGAVE all their sins and RESTORED His people with this blessings, mercy, and grace (Zechariah 3:4; see also 1 John 1:5-7, 9). The living LORD God returned to His people and removed His people from Satan, our enemy, as well as restored His people to carry out His plan to bless the world (e.g., see Genesis 12:1-3; Ephesians 6:16)! Amazingly, Zechariah’s prophecy matches his name, which means “The LORD (Yahweh) remembers.”

Unlike the previous generations, Zechariah’s generation followed the prophet’s message of repentance and obedience, and the living LORD God returned to His people with His abundant grace, mercy, and forgiveness (Zechariah 1:3-6, 12-13, 16-17; Zechariah 2:5, 10-13; see also Proverbs 28:13; 1 John 1:9). The living LORD God’s Name and nature is “compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness ….” (e.g., see Exodus 34:5-7; Numbers 14:18; Psalm 85:15). As James proclaims in the New Testament: “Draw near to God and He will draw near to you” (James 4:8, NKJV). Through their repentance and obedience, the living LORD God rescued and redeemed His people and forgave His people of ALL their sins (Zechariah 1:3, 6; Zechariah 2:6; Zechariah 3:2, 4; see also Isaiah 64:6, 8-9; Haggai 1:13; Haggai 2:4-5). In fact, the living LORD God was removing Joshua and His chosen people from the fire of hell, great trials, and Satanic attacks and restoring them to their role as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation (Zechariah 3:2; see also Exodus 19:5-6; 1 Peter 2:5, 9; Revelation 1:5-6; Revelation 5:10).

The living LORD God wants to restore, comfort, protect, and bless His people through their repentance, humility, and obedience to Him and His covenant (Zechariah 1:3, 13; see also Leviticus 26:40-41; 2 Chronicles 7:13-15, 17; Proverbs 2:6-7; Isaiah 40:1-2; Isaiah 55:6-7; James 4:10). As the Holy Scriptures teaches, the living LORD God wants EVERYONE to live good, peaceful, moral, and truthful lives in His world and to seek Him and not deceptive, adulterous, and evil (Zechariah 7:8-10; Zechariah 8:14-17, 19; see also e.g., Micah 6:6-8; Zephaniah 2:3; Matthew 6:33). The living LORD God loves righteousness, goodness, fairness, and mercy, but He hates robbery, falsehood, and wrongdoing (e.g., see Genesis 18:19; Isaiah 1:17; Isaiah 5:16; Isaiah 61:8). Therefore, the living LORD God declared to Zechariah:

¹⁴ “Just as I had determined to bring disaster upon you and showed no pity when your fathers angered Me, … ¹⁵ so now I have determined to do good again to Jerusalem and Judah. Do not be afraid. ¹⁶ These are the things you are to do: Speak the truth to each other and render true and sound judgment in your courts; ¹⁷ do not plot evil against your neighbor, and do not love to swear falsely. I hate all this, … ¹⁹ … Therefore, love truth and peace.” Zechariah 8:14-17, 19, New International Version

The Holy Scriptures teaches that Satan and his evil alliance only come to kill, steal, deceive, and destroy, but the living LORD God gives life, peace, and protection through faith and obedience to Him (e.g., see Genesis 3:1; John 10:10; John 15:1-5; John 16:33). Satan and his evil alliance are our enemies, tempters, and accusers. In fact, Satan means “accuser” or “adversary” in Hebrew. Israel understood one of Satan’s roles is to bringing accusations, harm, and attacks against people in the heavenly council or Throne Room of God (e.g., see Job 1:6-12; Matthew 4:1-11; 1 Peter 5:8; Revelation 12:17). However, the living LORD God sends His angels as barriers or hedges of divine protection for His people against Satan and his evil attackers (e.g., see Job 1:8-10; Psalm 3:3; Psalm 34:7; Psalm 91:11; Hebrews 1:14). Even more important, the LORD God sent His Son the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) to rescue and redeem believers in Him and His Son from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the Kingdom of His Son (e.g., see Colossians 1:12-14). Believers in the Lord Jesus Christ have His armor as spiritual security (see Ephesians 6:10-19).

Importantly, the living LORD God of heaven (Yahweh also designated Jehovah) is the ONLY God and King of all the earth (e.g., see Daniel 2:46-47; Daniel 7:11, 26-27). Yahweh is the Most-High God, and He is the holy and sovereign Ruler and God over all human kingdoms (e.g., see Daniel 4:3, 17, 25-27, 32, 34-35, 37; Daniel 5:21; Isaiah 45:5-7). The living LORD God is One with His Son, the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) (e.g., see John 1:1-5, 14, 18; John 10:30; John 14:6, 9, 21, 24; John 17:11, 21). The living LORD God is our Creator, and we must love, obey, honor, respect, and worship Him only with all our hearts, souls, minds, and strength (e.g., see Exodus 20:3-5; Deuteronomy 6:4-6; 13, 16; Deuteronomy 8:13; Daniel 5:24; Daniel 6:25-28; Matthew 22:37). Even more, the living LORD God commands ALL PEOPLE – young, old, rich, poor, black, white, powerful, and week – to REPENT and TURN from their sins and obey Him by doing what is right and good (e.g., see Isaiah 55:6-7; Daniel 4:27).

As Joshua stood before the Angel of the LORD, Joshua’s clothing was filthy and dirty (see Zechariah 3:3). More precisely, Joshua’s garments were soiled with excrements (human waste)! Then, the Angel of the LORD said to the other angelic beings standing there, “Remove his filthy clothing” (Zechariah 3:4; see also Isaiah 61:3, 10). Turning to Joshua, the Angel of the LORD said, “See, I have taken away your sins, and now I am giving you these fine new clothes” (Zechariah 3:4, 9; see also Isaiah 6:7; Isaiah 61:10; Jeremiah 31:34; Ezekiel 36:24-28; Micah 7:18-20; 2 Corinthians 5:21; Revelation 7:14). In other words, the living LORD God removed Joshua and His people from Satan (Belial) and his destructive and attacking spirits, and cloth Joshua with His righteousness. In the New Testament, another beautiful image of the living LORD God’s restoration and blessings is the prodigal son (e.g., see Luke 15:21-24). By His grace, the living LORD God removed and forgave Joshua’s sins – his outer filthy garments (see also Revelation 19:8). Next, the prophet Zechariah asked the Angel of the LORD to place a clean turban on Joshua’s head, and the heavenly angels gave Joshua a clean turban for his head (Zechariah 3:5; see also Exodus 28:36-38; Zechariah 6:11). In this vision, many scholars believe the prophet Zechariah saw the living LORD God reinstating and restoring Joshua as priest of His holy and kingdom people – Israel (e.g., see Exodus 19:5-6; Exodus 29:6).

Then, the Angel of the LORD spoke very seriously to Joshua and said, “This is what the LORD Almighty says: ‘If you will walk in My ways and keep My requirements, then you will govern My house and have charge of My courts, and I will give you a place among these standing here” (see Zechariah 3:6-7, New International Version). Thus, Joshua’s punishment for sins had been taken away and forgiven (see Zechariah 3:4)! Now, the living LORD God instructed Joshua and His people to follow His righteous paths and obey His holy commands. If Joshua and the people would remain faithful and obey, then the living LORD God would place Joshua in charge of His Temple, to keep it holy; and He would let Joshua walk in and out of His Presence with His holy angels (Zechariah 3:7; Zechariah 6:15; see also Genesis 26:5; Jeremiah 7:23; Romans 7:12; 2 Corinthians 5:6-10). In other words, the living LORD God gives us FREE access to Him and His blessed Presence through our holy and obedient living! The living LORD God would allow His obedient people free access to His Throne Room (also known as the heavenly court) (see Zechariah 3:7). The living and sovereign LORD God Almighty is merciful and ready to forgive EVERYONE who genuinely and humbly REPENTS of their sins and TURN wholeheartedly to Him with all LOVE, FAITHFULNESS, and OBEDIENCE (e.g., see Exodus 34:6-7; Leviticus 26:40-43; Psalm 103:8-13; Daniel 9:9; Micah 7:18-19; 1 John 1:9). In other words, Joshua and the people’s restoration and blessings from God were contingent on their repentance, obedience, and faithfulness (see Zechariah 3:6-7). God’s blessings always involve responsibility, and we must never take forgiveness for granted!

Nothing sinful and evil can stand in the continual Presence of the living and holy LORD God nor enter His Kingdom (e.g., see Leviticus 11:44; Isaiah 6:3; Isaiah 60:18-22; Daniel 12:1-3; 1 Corinthians 6:9-11; Galatians 5:19-21; Ephesians 5:5; Revelation 21:8, 27; Revelation 22:14-16). The living LORD God through faith in Him removes our sins and from Satan’s darkness by His grace and mercy not for us to continue sinning but to lead to good works (fruit) and good deeds towards others for His glory (e.g., see Matthew 5:13-16; 1 Corinthians 10:31; Ephesians 2:5, 8-10; Galatians 5:22-23; Ephesians 5:8-11; Revelation 19:7-8). The Holy Scriptures are clear:

²¹ “But if a wicked person turns away from all the sins they have committed and keeps all My decrees and does what is just and right, that person will surely live; they will not die. ²² None of the offenses they have committed will be remembered against them. Because of the righteous things they have done, they will live. ²³ Do I take any pleasure in the death of the wicked? declares the Sovereign LORD. Rather, am I not pleased when they turn from their ways and live?” Ezekiel 18:21-23, New International Version 2011 Edition

The living LORD God is ALWAYS willing and ready to forgive our sins when we REPENT and TURN from our evil ways and evil practices (see Zechariah 1:3-6)! However, once the living LORD God has graciously forgiven our sins, then WE ARE TO SIN NO MORE (e.g., see John 5:14; John 8:11). Everyone who confesses the Name of the LORD must turn away from wickedness, evil, and sin (e.g., see 2 Timothy 2:19; 1 John 3:6-7; 3 John 1:11). The Holy Scriptures are clear that we must NEVER abuse the LORD God’s grace and mercy to live immoral and sinful lives. Sadly, some ungodly people have wormed their way into churches, saying that God’s marvelous grace allows us to live immoral, adulterous, and sinful lives (e.g., see 2 Peter 2:1; Jude 1:4). Instead, the Holy Scriptures call us to use God’s grace to remain true and faithful to God the Father and His Son the Lord Jesus Christ with ALL OUR HEARTS and to rid ourselves of ALL hatred, trickery, falseness, envy, and gossip of every kind (e.g., see Acts 11:23; 1 Peter 2:1-3). The main point of Zechariah’s prophecy is that our obedience and faithfulness to the living LORD God bring His blessings; however, our sin and rebellious bring His judgment!

References to the high priest Joshua also appear throughout the post-exilic books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai along with Zechariah (e.g., see Ezra 2:2; Ezra 3:1-2; Ezra 5:2; Ezra 10:18; Nehemiah 12:1, 8; Haggai 1:1-2, 12; Haggai 2:4; Zechariah 3:1-10; Zechariah 6:9-15). The living LORD God used Joshua along with Zerubbabel to rebuild Jerusalem and the Temple after the Babylonian invasions of the land from 605 BC, then 597 BC, and finally 586 BC (e.g., see 2 Kings 24:8-17; 2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-21; Ezra 3:1-3; Haggai 1:12-15; Haggai 2:4; Jeremiah 52:4-27). Joshua was Israel’s high priest, and Zerubbabel was the governor and also a descendant of King David (e.g., see Haggai 1:1, 12; Haggai 2:4; Matthew 1:12-13; Luke 3:27). Both Joshua and Zerubbabel were instrumental leaders in rebuilding and restoring Jerusalem and the Temple (e.g., see also Haggai 1:13-15; Zechariah 4:6-10).

Next, the Angel of LORD informed Joshua the high priest and all other priests that they were illustrations and signs of the good things to come (see Zechariah 3:8). Joshua and his fellow priests represented the LORD’s Righteous Servant – the Branch (Semah) whom He would send (Zechariah 3:8; Zechariah 6:12-13; see also Isaiah 4:2; Isaiah 11:1-2; Isaiah 42:1; Isaiah 53:2; Jeremiah 23:5-6; Jeremiah 33:15-16; Ezekiel 17:22-24; Zechariah 6:12). Even more, this Servant-Branch would become a powerful and all-seeing Capstone (omniscience) that will defeat and destroy the forces of evil and sin in a single day (Zechariah 3:9; Zechariah 4:7, 10; see also Psalm 118:22-23; Isaiah 8:14; Isaiah 28:16; Daniel 2:35, 45; Revelation 5:6). Even more, this Servant-Branch will rebuild the living LORD God’s Temple and will be clothed with majesty as both King and Priest (see Zechariah 6:11-15). Even more important, the living LORD God of heaven will set up an eternal Kingdom headed by His Servant-Branch that shall never be destroyed but break into pieces all human kingdoms by the all-seeing Capstone (e.g., see Daniel 2:43-45; Matthew 21:42-44; Luke 1:30-33; Luke 22:28-30; John 18:36; Revelation 11:15).

That predicted Branch and Capstone is the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah, also means the Anointed One) (e.g., see Acts 4:10-12). The living LORD God Almighty sent His Son Jesus as a Servant, High Priest, and King into the world (e.g., see Matthew 2:2; Mark 10:45; Romans 1:3-4; Hebrews 4:14). The Lord Jesus Christ is the Foundation Stone or Capstone of the Temple that will reign over all other kingdoms (Zechariah 3:9; see also Daniel 2:34-35; Matthew 21:42; Ephesians 2:19-22; 1 Peter 2:4-10). Through our REPENTANCE and FAITH in the Lord Jesus Christ’s Name, the living LORD God Almighty (the Father) removed the sins of His land in a single day and bring our salvation (Zechariah 3:9; see also Hebrews 2:14; 2 Corinthians 5:21).

Now, since our sins have been forgiven through REPENTANCE and FAITH, believers are commanded to humbly walk in the way of love and light and have no partnership with the ways of darkness (e.g., see Ephesians 5:1-11). Most important, we are commanded to SUBMIT and OBEY to our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, who is Head of the Church (e.g., see Ephesians 5:23-24). Through our repentance and faith in Him, the Lord Jesus Christ has cleansed all our sins, and He cares and provides for ALL our needs for His glory (e.g., see Psalm 23:1; Psalm 118:22-25; Ephesians 5:25-29; Philippians 4:19-20). Even more, the Lord Jesus Christ brings our peace, comfort, and prosperity to enjoy with others (Zechariah 3:10; see also Isaiah 26:3-4; John 16:33).

References

Butler, Trent C. Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003).

ESV Study Bible, English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008).

The Living Bible Paraphrase (Tyndale House, 1971).

Zondervan NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).

Rogland, Max. Haggai and Zechariah 1-8: A Handbook on the Hebrew Text (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016).

Wiersbe, Warren W. Bible Exposition Commentary – Old Testament (Victor Books, 1989).

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[1] Jeshua is the Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew name Joshua and the Greek name Jesus. Thus, the Greek name for Jeshua is Jesus, meaning “the LORD saves.” Some scholars see Joshua here in Zechariah’s prophecy as a symbol of Jesus, the Messiah. 

God Loves All People

⁴ The other angel said, “Hurry, and say to that young man (Zechariah), ‘Jerusalem will someday be so full of people and livestock that there will not be room enough for everyone! Many will live outside the city walls. ⁵ Then I, Myself, will be a protective wall of fire around Jerusalem, says the LORD. And I will be the Glory inside the city!’” … ¹⁰ The LORD says, “Shout and rejoice, O beautiful Jerusalem, for I am coming to live among you. ¹¹ Many nations will join themselves to the LORD on that day, and they, too, will be My people. I will live among you, and you will know that the LORD of Heaven’s Armies sent Me to you. ¹² The land of Judah will be the LORD’s special possession in the holy land, and He will once again choose Jerusalem to be His own city. ¹³ Be silent before the LORD, all humanity, for He is springing into action from His holy dwelling.” Zechariah 2:4-5, 10-13, New Living Translation 2^nd Edition

The living LORD God Almighty sent Zechariah by His Spirit to encourage His people to REPENT and COME BACK to Him (see Zechariah 1:1, 3). In the past, the living LORD was very angry and displeased with His people Israel and Judah (collectively now called the Jews) because of their past evil-doing, rebellion, and sin against Him and His covenant (Zechariah 1:2, 4, 12; see also e.g., Jeremiah 2:5-8).

The living LORD God Almighty (Yahweh also called Jehovah) repeatedly sent His holy prophets as messengers to Israel and Judah to encourage as well as warn His people to REPENT and TURN from their evil ways and evil doing (Zechariah 1:4; see also e.g., 2 Chronicles 24:19; 2 Chronicles 36:15; Isaiah 1:16-19; Jeremiah 7:13, 25; Jeremiah 11:7-8; Jeremiah 25:3-4). There were warnings to Israel’s northern kingdom by such prophets as Hosea and Amos. In the southern kingdom of Judah, such prophets as Joel, Micah, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Isaiah, and Jeremiah repeatedly warned of the living LORD God’s judgment against sin and evil doing. The living LORD God, who is Holy and Sovereign, loved His people and had compassion for them (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 36:15-16). However, Israel and Judah rejected the living LORD God’s holy prophets and continued to live in disobedience, sinfulness, and selfishness (Zechariah 1:4; Zechariah 7:11-12; see also e.g., 2 Kings 17:13-15; Jeremiah 35:15).

Because of their sins and unfaithfulness, the living LORD God Almighty severely punished His wayward people and scattered them into Exile away from His Promised Land, Palestine (Zechariah 1:5-6, 21; Zechariah 2:6; Zechariah 7:13-14; Zechariah 8:14; see also Leviticus 26:33; Deuteronomy 28:36-42; 2 Chronicles 36:15-21). Some scholars call this scattering of the Jews the Diaspora (e.g., see Leviticus 26:33; Jeremiah 31:10).[1] In other words, Israel and Judah reaped the consequences of their repeated sins and experienced divine judgment and wrath (e.g., see Ezekiel 18:4, 20; Romans 6:23). The living LORD God turned away from His wicked people! When the living LORD God called and said OBEY His commands, they did not listen; so, when they called, He would not listen to their prayers and fasting (Zechariah 7:13; see also Proverbs 1:24-28; Isaiah 1:15; Jeremiah 7:21-27; Jeremiah 11:10-11, 14). As the Holy Scriptures teaches, the living LORD God Almighty is patient, but He also judges every deed, including every hidden thought, deed, and action, whether good or evil (e.g., see Exodus 34:6-7; Ecclesiastes 12:14; Matthew 12:36-37; Romans 2:16; 1 Corinthians 3:12-15; 2 Corinthians 5:9-10; Hebrews 4:12-13).  

Now, the holy prophet Zechariah announced to God’s people to REPENT and RETURN to the living LORD God with wholehearted faith and obedience to Him (Zechariah 1:3; see also Isaiah 44:22; Malachi 3:7). Zechariah boldly proclaimed that the living LORD God could not come and bless His chosen people until they REPENTED and a made a moral turn from their wickedness (Zechariah 1:3; see also 2 Chronicles 7:14). Repentance and obedience are prerequisites to experience the blessings of the living LORD God and His Kingdom! Unlike the previous generations, these listeners followed Zechariah’s message of repentance and obedience (see Zechariah 1:3-6). Because of this generation repentance and obedience, the living LORD God was returning with His grace and forgiveness (Zechariah 1:3, 6, 16; Zechariah 3:3-7; see also Daniel 9:2-19).

Through their repentance and obedience, the living LORD God promised to return to His people and favor them by His Spirit – the Spirit of the LORD to His people (Zechariah 1:3, 6; Zechariah 2:6; see also Haggai 1:13; Haggai 2:4-5). As James proclaims in the New Testament: “Draw near to God and He will draw near to you” (James 4:8, NKJV). Zechariah’s announcement of the living LORD God’s Presence with His people evokes earlier divine promises to the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob) and to Moses, Solomon, and others (e.g., see Genesis 26:3, 24; Genesis 31:3; Exodus 3:12; 1 Kings 11:38; Isaiah 43:5; Jeremiah 30:11; Jeremiah 42:11; Jeremiah 46:28, etc.). Amazingly, John the Baptist and his Cousin the Lord Jesus Christ had the same message of Zechariah and other prophets – REPENT and bear GOOD FRUIT (lives) and not wicked deeds (e.g., see Matthew 3:1-2, 8, 10; Matthew 4:17; Matthew 5:1-16; Mark 1:14-15; Revelation 2:5, 16, 21-22; Revelation 3:3, 19).  

The living LORD God wanted to restore, comfort, protect, and bless His people through their repentance, humility, and obedience to Him and His covenant (Zechariah 1:3, 13; see also Leviticus 26:40-41; 2 Chronicles 7:13-15, 17; Proverbs 2:6-7; Isaiah 40:1-2; Isaiah 55:6-7; James 4:10). The living LORD God wanted His people to live good, peaceful, and truthful lives in His world and not deceptive and evil (e.g., see Zechariah 7:8-10; Zechariah 8:16, 19). The living LORD God declared to Zechariah:

⁹ “This is what the LORD Almighty says: ‘Administer true justice; show mercy and compassion to one another. ¹⁰ Do not oppress the widow or the fatherless, the alien or the poor. In your hearts do not think evil of each other.’” Zechariah 7:9-10, New International Version

Also, the living LORD God declared to Zechariah:

¹⁴ “Just as I had determined to bring disaster upon you and showed no pity when your fathers angered Me, … ¹⁵ so now I have determined to do good again to Jerusalem and Judah. Do not be afraid. ¹⁶ These are the things you are to do: Speak the truth to each other and render true and sound judgment in your courts; ¹⁷ do not plot evil against your neighbor, and do not love to swear falsely. I hate all this, … ¹⁹ … Therefore, love truth and peace.” Zechariah 8:14-17, 19, New International Version

Then, the living LORD through His holy angels gave His prophet Zechariah various night visions (Zechariah 1:7-6:15; see also Revelation 1:1; Revelation 22:6, 16). Many biblical scholars believe Zechariah saw these various night visions in one-night. Angelic beings feature prominently in these visions with divine communication. In these night visions, the prophet Zechariah meets the “Angel of the Lord” as well as other heavenly angels as messengers of the true and sovereign LORD.

Also, these night visions include what many scholars call an “interpreting angel” who explained to Zechariah the meaning of these various night visions (see Zechariah 1:9, 13-14, 19; Zechariah 2:3; Zechariah 4:1, 4-5; Zechariah 5:10; Zechariah 6:4-5). Many times, throughout these night visions, the prophet Zechariah asked questions of an “interpreting angel” separate and distinct from the “Angel of the Lord,” and Zechariah received answers from this interpreting angel repeatedly throughout his prophecy (Zechariah 1:9, 13-14, 19, 21; Zechariah 2:2-3; Zechariah 4:1, 4-5, 10-13; Zechariah 5:5, 10; Zechariah 6:4-6). Amazingly, Zechariah’s night visions have many similarities to Charles Dickens’ classic where Ebenezer Scrooge who was also accompanied by the ghosts of Christmas past, Christmas present, and Christmas future. Like Scrooge’s vision, Zechariah’s visions were all received in one night. Like Scrooge’s ghost, the interpreting angel was present throughout to review Zechariah’s understanding and explain the night visions.

In the first night vision, Zechariah saw the “Angel of the Lord” riding a red horse. Then, the Angel of the Lord was standing among some myrtle trees in a valley ravine (Zechariah 1:7-8, 10-12; see also Genesis 16:10). Behind the Angel of the Lord were other horses that were copper red, sorrel (reddish-brown or speckle), and white, each with its rider (see Zechariah 1:8, 10). Zechariah has a vision of the Angel of the Lord leading a heavenly army or cavalry astride red, brown, and white horses (see also Zechariah 6:2-7). Amazingly, the book of Revelation also references these heavenly horsemen (see Revelation 6:2-8).  

For centuries, biblical scholars have debated the identity of “Angel of the Lord.” Many biblical scholars believe this Angel of the Lord is the Second Person of the Godhead (Trinity) – Jesus the Messiah (Christ) or a Christophany – and Jesus appeared as a Revealer of the living LORD God. Other scholars believe the Angel of the Lord is a Theophany or a self-manifestation of the living LORD God. However, other scholars believe the Angel of the Lord is a spokesman or messenger for the living LORD God. In Hebrew, “malʾach” means “messenger.”

In the Old Testament times, the Angel of the Lord appeared several times as the “Presence” of God. In the Old Testament, the Angel of the Lord appeared to the slave girl Hagar (see Genesis 16:7-14; Genesis 21:17-21), Abraham (see Genesis 18:1-19:1; Genesis 22:11-18), Jacob (see Genesis 31:11, 13), Moses (see Exodus 3:1-6), Joshua before the fall of Jericho (see Joshua 5:13-15), the ancient Israelites (see Exodus 23:20-33, Judges 2:1-4), the poor farmer Gideon (see Judges 6:11-23), Samson’s parents (see Judges 13:3-22), to Daniel and his three friends, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego (see Daniel 3:19, 24-25, 28; Daniel 6:22) and now to the prophet Zechariah (see Zechariah 1:11-12; Zechariah 3:1; Zechariah 12:8). In Zechariah’s prophet, the Angel of the Lord reports directly to the living LORD God Almighty as He pleads for compassion upon Jerusalem (see Zechariah 1:13).

Then, the interpreting angel stood beside the prophet Zechariah, and Zechariah asked the angel, “Sir, what are all those horses for?” (see Zechariah 1:9). However, the Angel of the Lord answered and informed Zechariah that He and the other horsemen were sent by the living LORD God to patrol and walk the earth (Zechariah 1:10-11; see also Zechariah 6:2-8). The Holy Scriptures speak of the living LORD God as the LORD of Hosts because He is the Leader of His powerful angelic army or heavenly court that patrols the earth and carries out His orders (Zechariah 6:2-8; see also e.g., Deuteronomy 33:2; 1 Kings 22:19; Job 1:6-7; Job 2:1-2; Daniel 7:9-10). Also, these holy angels are ministering spirits sent to serve and help those who will inherit salvation, and they report back to the living LORD God (Zechariah 4:10-11; see also Hebrews 1:14).

Next, the other heavenly riders (messengers) reported to the Angel of the Lord that they had patrolled the whole earth and everywhere there was prosperity, quiet, and peace (see Zechariah 1:11, 15). Upon hearing this report, the Angel of the Lord prayed this prayer: “O LORD Almighty, for seventy years Your anger has raged against Jerusalem and the cities of Judah. How long will it be until You again show mercy to them?” (Zechariah 1:12, The Living Bible Translation). The Angel of the Lord pleaded with the LORD God to end His judgment against Israel and Judah and have mercy on His people (Zechariah 1:12; see also Psalm 80:4; Psalm 89:46).

As mentioned earlier, the living LORD God was previously anger with His people and hid His Presence and goodness because of their many sins and wickedness (e.g., Isaiah 1:15; Isaiah 5:1-7; Isaiah 57:17). For a moment, the living LORD God turned away from His wicked and disobedient people but now He was returning (e.g., see Isaiah 47:6; Isaiah 54:7-8). The living LORD God informed His holy prophet Jeremiah that He would again return to His people after seventy years of judgment (Exile) from His Promised Land with peace and overflowing prosperity (Jeremiah 25:11-12; Jeremiah 29:10-14; see also Isaiah 57:18-20; Daniel 9:2-3). The living LORD God promises that when we wholehearted return to Him with repentance and faith, He would return to us with His healing, peace, blessings, and full restoration (e.g., see Hosea 6:1; Matthew 4:17, 23-25; John 16:33; Philippians 4:4-7). The living LORD God brings His perfect peace to those who keep their minds and hearts depended upon Him (e.g., see Isaiah 26:3-4). Nevertheless, the living LORD God does NOT give His peace to the wicked who turns their minds and hearts away from Him (e.g., see Isaiah 48:22; Isaiah 57:19-21). Truly, there is no peace for the wicked!

Next, the living LORD God answered the interpreting angel who stood beside Zechariah, speaking words of grace, kindness, goodness, comfort, and assurance for His people (Zechariah 1:13; see also Isaiah 40:1-2; Isaiah 57:18-19). In other words, the living LORD God promises His repentant, humble, and faithful people a bright future, hope, and comfort (Zechariah 1:13, 16-17; Zechariah 8:15; see also Jeremiah 29:10-11). The living LORD God loves the people of this world (e.g., see John 3:16).

Then the interpreting angel said to Zechariah:

¹⁴ “Shout this message for all to hear: ‘This is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies says: My love for Jerusalem and Mount Zion is passionate and strong. ¹⁵ But I am very angry with the other nations that are now enjoying peace and security. I was only a little angry with My people, but the nations inflicted harm on them far beyond My intentions. ¹⁶ “‘Therefore, this is what the LORD says: I have returned to show mercy to Jerusalem. My Temple will be rebuilt, says the LORD of Heaven’s Armies, and measurements will be taken for the reconstruction of Jerusalem.’ ¹⁷ “Say this also: ‘This is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies says: The towns of Israel will again overflow with prosperity, and the LORD will again comfort Zion and choose Jerusalem as His own.’” Zechariah 1:14-17, New Living Bible 2^nd Edition

The interpreting holy angel wanted to assure Zechariah that the living LORD God still loved His people Israel and Judah with a jealous love (Zechariah 1:14; Zechariah 2:8; Zechariah 8:1-2; see also Exodus 20:5; Deuteronomy 5:9; Joel 2:18). However, now the living LORD God was very angry with the Gentile (non-Jewish or heathen) nations that He used to punish His people’s sinfulness because these Gentile nations went too far with their punishment and disaster to annihilate Israel and Judah (Zechariah 1:15; see also Joel 3:2). Now, these foreign nations would experience divine judgment and wrath (see Zechariah 1:15). Even more, the living LORD God promised to return to His people with mercy and compassion, and He also promised to rebuild Jerusalem and His Temple (Zechariah 1:16; see also Zechariah 2:10-12; Zechariah 8:2-3). Now, His people and the new Jerusalem Temple will once again overflow with the living LORD God’s Presence – abundant prosperity, peace, blessings, and comfort (Zechariah 1:17; see also Zechariah 2:4-5).

In the second night vision, Zechariah looked and saw four animal horns! Zechariah asked the interpreting angel with him, “What are these?” (see Zechariah 1:18-19). The interpreting angel informed Zechariah, “They represent the four world powers that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem” (see Zechariah 1:20, The Living Bible Translation). Next, the LORD revealed to Zechariah four blacksmiths (craftsmen), and Zechariah asked for the meaning of these four blacksmiths (craftsmen) (see Zechariah 1:20-21). The LORD replied to Zechariah, “These are the horns that scattered Judah so that no one could raise his head, but the craftsmen have come to terrify them and throw down these horns of the nations who lifted up their horns against the land of Judah to scatter its people” (see Zechariah 1:21, New International Version). In other words, the nations that devastated Palestine would also be devastated and destroyed. The living LORD God still loved His people – the Jews, and He would destroy and defeat any weapon, tongue, or nations that came against His chosen people – Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem (e.g., see Zechariah 12:1-9; Isaiah 54:16-17). As a side note, all obedient believers of Jesus Christ have been grafted and become apart of the living LORD God’s chosen people – the Jews (e.g., see John 1:12-13; John 11:52; Galatians 3:26-29).

Then in the third night vision, Zechariah looked around and he saw a man carrying a yardstick or tape measure in his hand (Zechariah 2:1; see also Ezekiel 40:3; Revelation 11:1; Revelation 21:15-17). Zechariah asked the man, “Where are you going?” and the man said he was measuring Jerusalem (see Zechariah 2:2). The man wanted to see whether Jerusalem is big enough for all the people (see Zechariah 2:2)! The living LORD God planned to fully restore and rebuild His people – Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem – and return with His favor, peace, and prosperity (Zechariah 1:16-17; see also Jeremiah 31:38-40; Ezekiel 36:8-12). The living LORD God’s promises to Abraham, Moses, David and the other prophets will be fulfilled, and Israel and Judah will be a blessing to all nations will be fulfilled (e.g., see Genesis 12:1-3; Exodus 19:5-6; 2 Samuel 7:7:12-16; Isaiah 2:2-4; Isaiah 44:28; Amos 9:11-15).

Next, the interpreting angel and another angel came forward to talk Zechariah (Zechariah 2:3; see also Zechariah 1:9, 19). The angels informed Zechariah that in the future Jerusalem will become a city without walls — bursting with people and bursting with animals to never again be destroyed (Zechariah 2:4; see also e.g., Isaiah 49:19; Jeremiah 31:23-28; Zechariah 14:10-11). Even more, the angels told Zechariah that many will live outside the city walls, with all their many cattle — and yet they will be safe (see Zechariah 2:4). The living LORD God Himself be a wall of fire protecting the people and all Jerusalem (His Daughter and Bride), and He will live within and become the Glory of the city with His radiant Presence and everlasting Light (Zechariah 2:5, 10-11; see also Psalm 125:1-2; Isaiah 60:18-20; Revelation 21:1-4, 10-11, 22-26). Zechariah’s vision is symbolic of the living LORD God’s divine protection of His obedient people (see Zechariah 9:8) In the Holy City, all God’s people – Jews and Gentiles (non-Jews) will be righteous and nothing impure, deceitful, and evil will ever enter (see e.g., Isaiah 60:18-22; Galatians 5:19-21; Daniel 12:1-3; Revelation 21:8, 27; Revelation 22:14-16).

Through the prophet Zechariah, the living LORD God told His people to come back to Him and His Promised Land, Zion in the land of Palestine (Zechariah 2:6-7; see also Isaiah 48:20). The living LORD God Almighty was redeeming His people! As mentioned earlier, even though the living LORD God had previously scattered and punished His disobedient people, He was now calling His people to REPENT and turn from their sins with their whole hearts and RETURN to Him and His Land (Zechariah 1:3; Zechariah 7:13-14; see also Leviticus 26:33; Deuteronomy 4:27; Deuteronomy 28:64-67; Jeremiah 3:16-21; Jeremiah 31:10-12; 2 Corinthians 6:16-18). The living LORD God wanted to come and live amongst His obedient people and live within their hearts (e.g., see Leviticus 26:12; Psalm 85:9; Isaiah 12:1-2; Ezekiel 11:16-21).

Moreover, the living LORD God still loved Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem as they were the apple of His eye (Zechariah 2:8; see also Deuteronomy 32:10). The living LORD God loved His chosen people and was jealous for their affections and wholehearted devotion (e.g., Exodus 20:5; Deuteronomy 4:24; Deuteronomy 5:9; Deuteronomy 6:15). Therefore, the living LORD God sent His Glory against the nations that hurt and harmed His people (Zechariah 2:8-9; see also John 17:5). The living LORD God promised to punish and turn against His people’s enemies that mistreated and abused Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem (Zechariah 1:15, 20-21; see also Isaiah 52:12; Jeremiah 51:6). God’s people – those who honor and place their faith in Him and His Son Jesus – are precious to the living LORD God (e.g., see Psalm 103:13; John 1:12-13).

Then, the living LORD God – who is the great King over all the earth – encouraged His people to sing and rejoice because He and His Presence promised to be with them to bring His blessings, healing, and restoration (Zechariah 2:5, 10; see also Psalm 47:1-2, 6-7; Isaiah 12:4-6; Isaiah 65:18-19; Isaiah 66:1-3; Ezekiel 37:26-27; Zephaniah 3:16-20; Zechariah 8:2-3; Revelation 21:3-4). Since the beginning, the living LORD God wanted a personal and intimate relationship with His obedient people to bless them (e.g., see Exodus 25:8; Leviticus 26:9-12; Numbers 23:21). In His first coming, the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) – who is the Son of the living God and King – came and brought the Kingdom of God along with Kingdom’s blessings, healing, and restoration to all that came to Him in faith (Zechariah 9:9; see also Matthew 4:17, 23-25; Matthew 21:5; John 1:1-5, 14, 16, 18; John 20:30-31). One day, the kingdom of the world will become the Kingdom of our Lord and of His Messiah (Jesus), and He will reign forever and ever with His holy people (e.g., see Revelation 11:15; Revelation 21:3-4, 7-8).

In the future, many Gentile nations (non-Jews) will come to and join the living LORD God and His people the Jews, and they too shall worship and become God’s people and His glorious Presence will be with them (Zechariah 2:10-11; see also Isaiah 2:2-3; Micah 4:1-2; Zechariah 8:8, 20-23). Even more, the land of Judah shall be the LORD’s inheritance in the Holy Land - Palestine, for the living LORD God shall once more again bless Jerusalem (Zion) – His chosen city – where His Name can be glorified (Zechariah 2:12; see also 2 Chronicles 6:4-6; Zechariah 1:16-17; Zechariah 3:2).

Therefore, the prophet Zechariah proclaims to all people to be silent and humble themselves before the living LORD God for He will come to earth from heaven, which is His holy home (Zechariah 2:13; see also Habakkuk 2:20). The living LORD God will be King over the whole earth and on that day, there will be one LORD, and His Name only will be worshipped and celebrated (Zechariah 14:9, 16; see also Philippians 2:10-11).

Reference

Amplified Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987).

Apologetics Study Bible: Understanding Why You Believe (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2012).

ESV Study Bible, English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008).

NLT Study Bible (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Pub., 2008).

Ryrie Study Bible (Chicago, IL: Moody, 1995).

The Living Bible Paraphrase (Tyndale House, 1971).

Zondervan NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).

Boice, James Montgomery. The Minor Prophets: Volume 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2006).

Rogland, Max. Haggai and Zechariah 1-8: A Handbook on the Hebrew Text (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016).

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[1] The prophet Moses warned that if the Israelites failed to obey the living LORD God’s covenant (e.g., the Ten Commandments), they would be uprooted from the Promised Land and scattered all over the earth. At least three times in history this kind of dispersion of the Jews took place on a massive scale. Assyria, Babylon, and finally the Roman empire invaded the homeland of the Jews – Palestine and scattered them far abroad.

Spiritual Renewal: Faith and Obedience

¹ In November of the second year of King Darius’s (Hystaspes) reign, the LORD gave this message to the prophet Zechariah…. ² “I, the LORD, was very angry with your ancestors. ³ Therefore, say to the people, ‘This is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies (Yahweh) says: Return to Me (repent), and I will return to you, says the LORD of Heaven’s Armies.’ ⁴ Do not be like your ancestors who would not listen or pay attention when the earlier prophets said to them, ‘This is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies says: Turn from your evil ways and stop all your evil practices.’… ⁶ But everything I said through My servants the prophets happened to your ancestors, just as I said. As a result, they repented and said, ‘We have received what we deserved from the LORD of Heaven’s Armies. He has done what He said He would do.’” … ¹⁴ Then the angel said to me (Zechariah), “Shout this message for all to hear: ‘This is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies says: My love for Jerusalem and Mount Zion is passionate and strong…. ¹⁶ Therefore, this is what the LORD says: I have returned to show mercy (lovingkindness and compassion) to Jerusalem. My Temple will be rebuilt, says the LORD of Heaven’s Armies, and measurements will be taken for the reconstruction of Jerusalem.’ ¹⁷ Say this also: ‘This is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies says: The towns of Israel will again overflow with prosperity, and the LORD will again comfort Zion and choose Jerusalem as His own.’” Zechariah 1:1-4, 6, 14, 16-17, New Living Translation 2^nd Edition

The Old Testament book of Zechariah proclaims the living LORD God’s hope and bright future for His faithful, humble, and repentant people (e.g., see Zechariah 1:14, 16-17; Zechariah 8:3, 14-15). Moreover, the book of Zechariah assures God’s people the living LORD God’s Presence with them through His Spirit – the Spirit of the LORD (e.g., see Zechariah 4:4-6). Most importantly, prophet Zechariah proclaims the living LORD God Almighty will be King over the whole world (Zechariah 9:9; Zechariah 14:9, 16-17; see also Revelation 11:15).  

The meaning of Zechariah’s name is “the LORD (Yahweh) has remembered.” Zechariah’s grandfather Iddo was among the first Jewish exiles returning from Babylon to Jerusalem in 539 BC (see Ezra 5:1; 6:14). The book of Nehemiah informs us that Iddo returned to Jerusalem from Babylon with Zerubbabel and Joshua (see Nehemiah 12:4). Nehemiah also lists Zechariah as the head of the family of priests descended from Iddo (see Nehemiah 12:1, 16). This suggests that Zechariah was both a priest and prophet in Jerusalem, like the prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel (Zechariah 1:1, 7; see Jeremiah 1:1; Ezekiel 1:3). The Lord Jesus mentioned righteous Zechariah by name during His public ministry as being murdered by the Jews (see Matthew 23:35-36; Luke 11:50-51). Amazingly, the prophet Zechariah gives a grand portrait of the Messiah (Christ) in His first coming as well as His second coming when He will be crowned King of all the earth (e.g., see Zechariah 3:8-9; Zechariah 6:9-15; Zechariah 9:9-10; Zechariah 14:9).

The living and sovereign LORD God Almighty raised up the prophet Zechariah along with Haggai to encourage and help His Jewish people returning from Exile during the restoration period (Zechariah 1:1; see also Ezra 5:1; Ezra 6:14; Haggai 1:1). Unfortunately, the living LORD God allowed His people Israel and Judah to go into foreign Exile and become devoured with war, famine, and disease because of their repeated unfaithfulness and rebellion against Him and His covenant (e.g., see Jeremiah 14:11-12). Yet, the living LORD God remembered His covenant promises to His people promised to return to His people if His people return to Him (see Zechariah 1:3).

Prior to the Exile, the leadership and people of Israel and Judah became more and more rebellious and unfaithful to the living LORD God and His covenant (Zechariah 1:4; see also e.g., 2 Kings 17:7-23; 2 Kings 21:10-16; Psalm 78:8; Jeremiah 2:5). Israel and Judah followed all the evil pagan practices of the surrounding nations, relied on foreign powers, and sinfulness became deeply engrained in their hearts and minds (e.g., see 1 Chronicles 5:25; 2 Chronicles 36:14; Isaiah 7:1-9; Hosea 10:1-8). Israel and Judah turned their hearts away from the living LORD God Almighty and worshipped other gods, sacred stones, idols, and even the starry hosts of heaven (e.g., see 2 Kings 17:10-12). The living LORD God Almighty repeatedly sent His servants (prophets) to warn Israel and Judah to repent of their wicked sins, turn from their evil ways, and obey Him and His covenant because He loved His people (Zechariah 1:4; see also e.g., Exodus 20:1-23:9; 2 Kings 17:13; 2 Chronicles 24:19; 2 Chronicles 36:15; Isaiah 1:15-20, 23-24; Isaiah 45:22; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 11:7-8; Jeremiah 25:4-6; Jeremiah 35:15-16; Ezekiel 33:10-11). Through His prophets, the living LORD God commanded Israel and Judah to do right and good by seeking mercy and justice for orphans (fatherless), the poor, foreigners (refugees), and the widows (e.g., see Exodus 22:21-23; Leviticus 25:17; Isaiah 1:17, 23; Isaiah 56:1; Jeremiah 5:1, 28; Jeremiah 22:3-5; Ezekiel 33:14-16; Amos 5:24; Micah 6:6-8). Even more, the living LORD God commanded the people to turn from adultery, sexual sins, murder, greed, falsehood, dishonesty, thief, and bribes (e.g., see Isaiah 1:21-23; Galatians 5:17-21).

Despite the holy prophet’s repeated message to REPENT and turn from evil doing, Israel and Judah scorned and refused to listen to the living LORD God’s prophets and ignored God’s requirements for righteousness (Zechariah 1:4; Zechariah 7:11-12; see also e.g., 2 Kings 17:13-15; 2 Chronicles 36:16). Instead of listening to the living LORD God’s holy prophets, the people turned to idolatry and lying priests and prophets that polluted God’s land and led the people away from the living LORD God and His covenant (e.g., see Deuteronomy 13:1-5; Deuteronomy 18:9-14; 2 Chronicles 36:14; Jeremiah 14:14-15; Jeremiah 23:13, 16-17, 30-31; Lamentations 4:13).

So, the living LORD God became angry at Israel and Judah and decided to punish His wicked people (Zechariah 1:2, 12, 15; see also e.g., see 2 Chronicles 36:16; Isaiah 1:24-24). First, the living and sovereign LORD God Almighty raised up the Assyrians against the ten northern tribes of Israel (see 2 Kings 17:1-6). In 722 BC, the Assyrian army destroyed the ten northern tribes of Israel and banished Israel from the living LORD God’s presence (e.g., see 2 Kings 17:18-20). Israel’s punishment happened because of their repeated disobedience against the living LORD God and His covenant (e.g., see 2 Kings 18:11-12; Daniel 9:6, 10).   

After Judah and Jerusalem saw what happened to Israel’s ten northern tribes, the people temporarily repented and turned to the living LORD God Almighty under the good kingships of King Hezekiah and his son Josiah (e.g., see 2 Kings 18:3-8; 2 Kings 22:1-2). Hezekiah and Josiah rid Judah and Jerusalem of mediums, spiritists, household gods, idols, and other forbidden worship objects in Judah and turned the people’s hearts to worshipping and serving the true and living LORD God Almighty (e.g., see 2 Kings 23:21-25). However, after King Hezekiah and King Josiah’s deaths, the people of Judah and Jerusalem turned back to their wickedness, rebellion, and evil doing against the living LORD God Almighty and His covenant. Judah and Jerusalem worshipped other gods, practiced sorcery and divination, and consulted mediums and spiritists (e.g., see 2 Kings 21:1-9). Because of such evil and wickedness, the living and sovereign LORD God Almighty raised up the Babylonians against Judah and Jerusalem to punish His wicked and rebellious people (e.g., 2 Kings 21:10-16; 2 Kings 23:26-28; 2 Kings 25:1-25; 2 Chronicles 36:17). The living LORD God permitted the Babylonians to invade Jerusalem and Judah beginning in 605 BC and again in 597 BC (e.g., see 2 Kings 24:1-2, 10-12; Ezekiel 1:1-2; Daniel 1:1-2). Daniel and his three friends Hananiah, Mishael and Azariah were some of the Jews included in the first Babylonian exile in 605 BC (see Daniel 1:1-3, 6-7). The prophet Ezekiel was among some of the Jews included in Babylon’s second deportation from Jerusalem and Judah (see Ezekiel 1:1).

Finally, in 586 BC, the living LORD God allowed the Babylonians to destroy Jerusalem, break down the walls of the city, and set fire to Jerusalem and Solomon’s Temple (see 2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-21). Then, the living LORD God shattered His people (see Zechariah 1:18-20). For seventy years, God’s people had no Temple and the Promised Land was dormant and enjoyed its Sabbath rests because of Israel and Judah’s rebellion, disobedience, and unfaithfulness to the living LORD God and His covenant (Zechariah 1:12; see also e.g., 2 Chronicles 36:21; Jeremiah 25:8-14; Jeremiah 44:2-6; Daniel 9:2). Essentially, the Assyrians and the Babylonians became the living LORD God’s rod and wrath to punish His people Israel and Judah for their repeated rebellion, evil doing, and unfaithfulness against Him and His covenant (e.g., 2 Kings 17:2-23; 2 Kings 24:14; Isaiah 10:5-12; Jeremiah 25:7-14; Jeremiah 52:4-27). Israel and Judah’s repeated sinfulness brought the living LORD God’s punishment (e.g., see Ezekiel 24:14; Ezekiel 36:16-19; Zechariah 8:14)! In summary, the living LORD God holds people responsible for the choices they make.

The prophet Zechariah reminded the people why they experienced the living LORD God’s wrath during the Exile (see Zechariah 1:5-6). Moses predicted Israel and Judah’s punishment many centuries earlier at Mount Sinai with the giving of the covenant if they disobeyed and rebelled against the living LORD God and His covenant (Zechariah 1:6; e.g., see Leviticus 26:14-39; Deuteronomy 28:15-68). The Word of the living LORD God is eternal and everlasting (e.g., see Isaiah 40:8; Matthew 24:30). However, the prophet Jeremiah predicted the restoration of Israel and Judah after the seventy-year Exile (e.g., see Jeremiah 29:10-14). During the seventy years of Exile, God’s people realized their rebellion, repented and confessed their sins and evil against the living LORD God and His covenant (Zechariah 1:6; see also e.g., Lamentations 2:17; Daniel 9:4-24). The living LORD God heard His people’s genuine and wholehearted prayers of repentance and forgave their sins (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 7:14; Psalm 32:5-7; Psalm 51:1-4; Proverbs 28:13). Psalm 126 records the joy and laughter of God’s restored people after the Exile.

The prophet Zechariah assured Israel and Judah that the living LORD God had heard their prayers of repentance, and He was ready to restore and bless His people (Zechariah 1:12-13; see also Jeremiah 29:10-11). The living and sovereign LORD God Almighty is merciful and ready to forgive EVERYONE who genuinely and humbly repents of their sins and turn wholeheartedly to Him with all love and obedience (e.g., see Exodus 34:6-7; Leviticus 26:40-43; Psalm 103:8-13; Daniel 9:9; Micah 7:18-19; Zechariah 3:4; 1 John 1:9). In His eternal mercy and compassion, the living LORD God promised restoration and blessing to His repented people (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 36:21-23; Ezra 1:1-4). Even though the living LORD God punished Israel and Judah for their sins and rebellion, He still LOVED His people and NEVER rejected Israel and Judah (Zechariah 1:14, 16; Zechariah 8:1-3; e.g., see Leviticus 26:44-45; Ezekiel 11:16). Israel and Judah continued to be the apple of the living LORD God’s eye (Zechariah 2:8; see also Deuteronomy 32:10).

Through His prophet Zechariah, the living LORD God Almighty promised He and His Presence would return to Israel and Judah to show His people mercy and bring His restoration and blessings to His repentant people (see Zechariah 1:16-17; Zechariah 8:14-15). Even more, the living LORD God through His prophet Zechariah promised to Jerusalem and Judah His Presence to live there again with His people and establish His rule over all the earth (see Zechariah 14:8-11). Nevertheless, the prophet Zechariah warned Israel and Judah NOT to repeat the sins that had led to Israel and Judah into foreign exile, and he warned EVERYONE to return to the living LORD God and His righteous covenant (see Zechariah 1:3). The living LORD God Almighty always remain faithful to His covenant (e.g., see Jeremiah 31:31-34; Hebrews 8:8-12). The heart of the covenant is to love the LORD God with all your heart, soul, mind, and strength, and to love one another (e.g., see Matthew 22:34-40, quoting Deuteronomy 6:4-6; Leviticus 19:18).

Because of His love for His people, the living and sovereign LORD God raised up the Persia kings Cyrus and later Darius (Hystaspes) to restore His people Israel and Judah to His land, Palestine and rebuild the Temple (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 36:22-23; Isaiah 44:28; Isaiah 45:1, 13; Ezra 1:1-4, Ezra 6:3-5). The Old Testament book of Ezra tells of God’s people under the leadership of Zerubbabel and Joshua returning to Palestine to rebuild Jerusalem and His Temple in approximately 538 BC through King Cyrus pronouncement (Zechariah 4:8-9; see also Ezra 2:68-3:13).

However, the returning Jews stopped the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the Temple because of discouragement, enemy opposition, and even government opposition (e.g., see Ezra 4:1-5, 23-24). Even worse, the returning Jews began to devote their time and strength on their personal homes, luxuries, and comforts and ignored God’s House – the Temple (e.g., see Haggai 1:3-4). For nearly 20 years, the Temple and Jerusalem laid in ruins! The Jerusalem construction site laid neglected for nearly two decades.

Because the people ignored Jerusalem and the living LORD God’s house – the Temple, the people experienced scarcity and could not meet their basic needs despite their hard work and labor. God’s people were working hard, but the living LORD God did not bless their efforts because they ignored living LORD God’s House FIRST (e.g., see Haggai 1:5-6, 9-11; Haggai 2:14-17)! The people worked hard; however, their crops failed, and their money disappeared as soon as they earned money because they had the WRONG priorities. The people needed to place GOD FIRST by rebuilding the Temple (see Haggai 1:2, 4, 8-9)! The Temple symbolized the living LORD God’s Presence (Name) and His honor (Ezra 6:12; see also Exodus 20:24). 

Then in approximately 520 BC during Darius of Persia’s reign, the living and sovereign LORD God raised up His servants, Haggai and Zechariah to encourage God’s people to finish the work of rebuilding Jerusalem and God’s Temple (see Ezra 5:1-2; Ezra 6:14; Haggai 1:2, 7-8, 15; Zechariah 1:1, 7; Zechariah 7:1; Zechariah 8:9-11). These two prophets invigorated God’s people to be strong and to finish the living LORD God’s Temple under Zerubbabel and Joshua’s leadership (see Haggai 1:14-15; Zechariah 1:1, 7; Zechariah 8:12-13). The prophets Haggai and Zechariah assured the people that the living LORD God Almighty’s Presence and Power were with them through His Spirit – the Spirit of the LORD – to finish the work (Haggai 1:13; Haggai 2:4-5; Zechariah 4:6-7; see also 2 Samuel 5:10; 2 Chronicles 1:1). The living and sovereign LORD God is Almighty, and His Holy Spirit is present and patrols throughout the whole earth (Zechariah 1:7-11; Zechariah 4:10; Zechariah 6:5-8; see also Matthew 28:20; Hebrews 13:5). The living LORD God Almighty rules the heaven and the earth (e.g., see also Daniel 4:34-37; Daniel 6:25-27)!

Whereas Haggai’s focused on the rebuilding of God’s Temple and the reinstitution of the sacrificial system, Zechariah’s focused on the people’s spiritual transformation. In these post-exilic books, Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the people to TRUST and HONOR the living LORD God, live MORAL LIVES, and place Him FIRST in their lives and hearts (see Haggai 2:10-17; Zechariah 7:8-10). If the people honored the living LORD God and lived moral (righteous lives), the LORD promised to bless His people with His PRESENCE and grace (Haggai 1:7-8; see also 1 Chronicles 28:9-10; Matthew 6:33). Because the people listened to the prophets Haggai and Zechariah and rebuilt the Temple, the people began to prosper and become successful (see Ezra 6:14).

The people obeyed Haggai’ and Zechariah’s voice and began to rebuild and complete God’s house – the Temple (see Haggai 1:12-15). God’s house – called the Second Temple by scholars – was fully completed and dedicated in 515 BC and the people celebrated the completion with joy (see Ezra 6:15-16). The prophets Haggai and Zechariah knew the coming glory of the Messiah would one day fill this Second Temple (e.g., see Haggai 2:6-9; Zechariah 9:9-10). The Messiah, who is the Desire of All Nations, would fill this Second Temple with His glory and the Presence of the LORD (Haggai 2:7, 9; see also Luke 2:32).

Moreover, the prophet Zechariah urged God’s people to REPENT and wholeheartedly RETURN to the living LORD God, and Zechariah assured the people the living LORD God would come to them (Zechariah 1:3-6; Zechariah 7:8-14; see also Ezekiel 18:30-32; 2 Corinthians 5:20; James 4:8). Even more, Zechariah encouraged the people to judge fairly and show mercy and kindness to one another, NOT oppress and mistreat widows, orphans, foreigners, and the poor, and not scheme against and exploit others (see Zechariah 7:8-10). Zechariah encouraged the Jews to obey the LORD’s covenant, especially in matters of justice, mercy, compassion, forgiveness, goodness (righteousness), fairness, and truthfulness (Zechariah 8:15-17; see also Leviticus 25:17; Deuteronomy 22:1; Isaiah 56:1; Hosea 6:6; Micah 6:6-8: Zephaniah 2:3; Matthew 12:7; Matthew 22:37; Matthew 23:23). Zechariah was concerned that the returning Jews from Exile did not repeat the mistakes of their forefathers whose disobedience and evil doing against the living LORD God and His covenant had brought upon them the living LORD God’s wrath and judgment (see Zechariah 1:1-6). Very similar to the previous prophets, Zechariah was concerned about goodness, honesty, and social justice, particularly for the poor, widows, elderly, oppressed, orphans, and foreigners (e.g., Exodus 22:21-23; Leviticus 19:32-37; Proverbs 22:22-23; Isaiah 1:17, 23; Jeremiah 5:27-28; Jeremiah 21:12; Amos 5:24; James 1:27).

In the past, Israel and Judah failed to follow these moral covenant instructions sent by His Spirit to the holy prophets, and the living LORD God punished and scattered His evil and rebellious people (Zechariah 1:4; Zechariah 2:6; Zechariah 7:11-14; see also Deuteronomy 28:33; Jeremiah 22:3-5, 17; Ezekiel 5:9-12). Even more, the living LORD God refused to listen to His people’s prayers and petitions because of their rebellion and wickedness (Zechariah 7:13; see also Proverbs 1:24-32; Isaiah 1:15). Zechariah proclaimed that only faith and obedience to the living LORD God and His moral covenant would usher in blessing and prosperity (Zechariah 7:8-12; Zechariah 8:14-17; see also Proverbs 1:33). Zechariah points out that the key to a right relationship and worship of the living LORD God Almighty is obedience to Him and His moral covenant (see also Jeremiah 7:1-11). Legalistic observance to the Law would never serve as a substitute for reflecting the living LORD God Almighty’s love for one another in everyday living (e.g., see Matthew 22:27; Luke 10:25-37).

Even today, the living LORD God’s moral and good standards still apply to the church (e.g., see Galatians 5:16-26). In His public ministry, Jesus proclaimed the need to seek God’s Kingdom and His righteous by living moral lives (e.g., see Matthew 6:33; Luke 6:46-49; Luke 8:19-21; Luke 11:27-28; 1 John 2:5). Everyone who repented, accepted and obeyed the message of God’s Kingdom and produced good fruit received the treasures of God’s Kingdom (Matthew 13:8, 23; see also e.g., Matthew 21:28-32, 43; John 14:15, 21, 23; John 15:5-8, 10; Galatians 5:22-23; 1 John 5:3). The more you love, honor, and obey the living LORD God as your King, the more heavenly goodness, blessings, and treasures that He gives you from His Kingdom (Matthew 13:12, 16-17; see also Matthew 6:33; Matthew 25:29; Mark 4:24-25; Luke 19:26-27; John 15:2, 5). Amazingly, the message of Zechariah and the other Old Testament prophets are the SAME message of Jesus – obey the living LORD God and do good to others (e.g., see Matthew 5:1-12; Matthew 7:12; Matthew 25:31-46; Luke 8:15, 19-21)!

References

Amplified Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987).

Apologetics Study Bible: Understanding Why You Believe (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2012).

ESV Study Bible, English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008).

NLT Study Bible (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Pub., 2008).

Ryrie Study Bible (Chicago, IL: Moody, 1995).

The Living Bible Paraphrase (Tyndale House, 1971).

Zondervan NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).

Hope of the World: Isaiah 42

¹ “Look at My Servant, whom I (the living LORD God) strengthen (support, uphold). He is My Chosen One (the Elect), who pleases (delights in) Me. I have put My Spirit upon Him (Servant). He will bring justice to the nations. ² He will not shout or raise His voice in public. ³ He will not crush the weakest reed or put out a flickering candle. He will bring justice (in truth) to all who have been wronged. ⁴ He will not falter or lose heart until justice prevails throughout the earth. Even distant lands beyond the sea will wait for His instruction (law)…. ⁶ I, the LORD, have called You (Servant) to demonstrate My righteousness. I will take You by the hand and guard You, and I will give You (Servant) to My people, Israel, as a symbol of My covenant (agreement) with them. And You will be a Light to guide the nations. ⁷ You will open the eyes of the blind. You will free the captives from prison, releasing those who sit in dark dungeons (darkness).” Isaiah 42:1-4, 6-7 New Living Translation 2^nd Edition

Isaiah 42 has been called by biblical scholars the first of the five Servant Songs included in the prophecy of Isaiah. These famous Servant Songs are contained within the second great section of Isaiah; some biblical scholars call “Deutero-Isaiah.”[1] In this section called “Deutero Isaiah,” the prophet Isaiah is comforting and encouraging Israelites living in Assyrian and Babylonian captivity in foreign lands. The prophet Isaiah is assuring God’s people living in exile from the Promised Land that the living LORD God has not forgotten His beloved people. Beginning with Isaiah 40, the prophet Isaiah shifts away from judgment and toward comfort, restoration, and compassion of God’s hurting people living in exile. The comfort will come through the living LORD God’s glorious arrival to earth (e.g., see Isaiah 40:3-5). To show His love, the living LORD God through the prophet Isaiah predicts the coming of His Righteous Servant – the Servant of the LORD – that will bring not only Israel deliverance but deliverance, comfort, and hope to all the world!

Isaiah 42 is the first of the famous Isaiah prophecies concerning the “Servant of the LORD” (see Isaiah 42:1-9). Many biblical scholars identify five Servant Songs concerning the famous “Servant of the LORD” in Isaiah’s prophecy. These Servant Songs are found at Isaiah 42:1-9; Isaiah 49:1-13; Isaiah 50:4-9; Isaiah 52:13-53:12; Isaiah 61:1-3. For some scholars, the Servant Songs are the highpoint of Isaiah’s prophecies. The Servant of the LORD is the One that will ultimately fulfill the mission of Israel.

For centuries, scholars have struggled with identifying the Servant. In the Holy Scriptures, the servant of the LORD has applied to the patriarchs – Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (also known as “Israel”) (e.g., see Exodus 32:13).[2] Also, many other great Old Testament leaders have been identified as the servant of the LORD including Moses (see Numbers 12:7-8), Joshua (see Judges 2:8), and David (see 2 Samuel 7:5; Isaiah 37:35). Some scholars have identified the servant of the LORD as the people of Israel. In his prophecy, Isaiah sometimes identified Israel (Jacob) as the servant of the LORD (Isaiah 41:8-9; Isaiah 44:1-2, 21; Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 48:20; Isaiah 49:3; see also Luke 1:54). Others think the servant refers to the faithful people of the LORD or the “ideal” people of Israel. Still, others think of the Old Testament prophets as the servant. Throughout the Old Testament, the prophets are identified as servants of the LORD – messengers of Good News (e.g., see Isaiah 20:3; Isaiah 41:27; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 25:4; Daniel 9:6; Zechariah 1:6). However, others identify anyone who proclaims the living LORD God’s message faithfully as a servant of the LORD (e.g., see Act 13:46-47; Acts 26:16-18).

Also, Isaiah identified Cyrus of Persia (559-530 BC) as a servant of the living LORD God (see Isaiah 45:1-4). In fact, some biblical scholars note that that the prophet Isaiah, who ministered between 740 and 680 BC, called Cyrus by name over a century before he was born (see Isaiah 44:28). The living LORD God called Cyrus from the east to attack from the north and defeat several kingdoms, including Babylon (see Isaiah 41:2, 25; Isaiah 46:11). The living LORD God used Cyrus of Persia to overthrow and punish the Babylonians in 539 BC for their atrocities against His people Israel and to restore His people to His land in Palestine as well as rebuild the Temple (Isaiah 45:13; see also 2 Chronicles 36:22-23; Ezra 1:1-4; Ezra 6:3-5). Some scholars call the Israelites returned from Exile by Cyrus a “new Exodus.” The prophecy of Isaiah reveals that the living LORD God is greater than and controls ALL nations and kings of the earth (e.g., see Isaiah 40:12-17). Indeed, the king’s heart is in the hand of the living LORD, and like the rivers of water, the LORD turns it wherever He wishes (see Proverbs 21:1). The living LORD God is sovereign and providential, and only He’s hand controls the world (e.g., see Daniel 4:34-35)!

Another large group of scholars believes that the “Servant of the LORD” is the Messiah (Christ). This Servant is the model Israel (see Isaiah 49:3). Amazingly, the New Testament incorporates the prophecies of Isaiah and identifies Jesus as the long-awaited Messiah and Servant of the LORD. For example, Isaiah 42:1-4 is quoted as fulfilled in Jesus at Matthew 12:18-21. Also, Isaiah 52:13-53:12 is quoted at such New Testament passages as Matthew 8:17, Luke 22:37, John 12:38, Acts 8:32-33, and Romans 10:16 as fulfilled with Jesus’ ministry. In fact, Jesus quoted from Isaiah’s prophecies and identified Himself as the Servant from Isaiah (e.g., see Luke 4:18-21). When Jesus walked the earth, He lived as an obedient Servant of the LORD (e.g., see Matthew 20:28; Luke 22:27; Acts 3:13; Acts 4:27, 30; Philippians 2:7). Importantly, the Gospel writer John states that the prophet Isaiah saw Jesus’ glory centuries earlier (e.g., see Isaiah 6:1; Isaiah 7:14; John 12:41). Surely the Sovereign LORD does nothing without revealing His plan to His servants the prophets (see Amos 3:7).

Beginning with the first verse of Isaiah 42, the living LORD God (Yahweh) through the prophet Isaiah promises to send His Servant – the Messiah (Isaiah 42:1; see also Matthew 1:1, 16-17; Matthew 12:18-21). Messiah (Hebrew) and Christ (Greek) both mean Anointed One or Spirit-Filled. The prophet Isaiah predicts the Servant will be the Chosen One or the Elect of the living LORD God (Isaiah 42:1; see also 1 Peter 2:4, 6). Also, the living LORD God will delight in His Servant and will be pleased with His righteous ways (Isaiah 42:1; see also Matthew 3:16-17; Matthew 17:5; Luke 9:35; 2 Peter 1:16-17). Moreover, Isaiah foretells the living LORD God strengthening, protecting, and empowering His Servant with His Spirit – the Spirit of the LORD (Isaiah 42:1, 6; see also Isaiah 11:2; Isaiah 61:1-3; Luke 4:18-21; John 3:34-35; Acts 10:38). By His Spirit, the living LORD God will give His Servant to the world as personal confirmation of His covenant with them (Isaiah 42:6 see also Isaiah 49:6, 8). In other words, the Servant will become the living LORD God’s covenant with all the people.

Importantly, Isaiah predicts the Chosen One will reveal and bring the living LORD God’s justice, righteousness, and truth to all nations of the world (Isaiah 42:1, 3-4, 6; see also Isaiah 5:16; Isaiah 9:7; Isaiah 11:4-5; Jeremiah 23:5-6). In His truth and justice, the prophet Isaiah proclaims God’s Servant will be the Prince of Peace – gentle and quiet, and He will not shout nor quarrel in the streets (Isaiah 42:2-3; see also Isaiah 9:6). Even though the Servant is gentle and quiet, the prophet Isaiah prophesied God’s Servant would encourage the fainthearted and those tempted to despair and depression (see Isaiah 42:3). Even more, God’s Servant will bring forth justice in truth to all who have been wronged, oppressed, and unjustly mistreated (Isaiah 42:3; see also Psalm 9:8; Psalm 72:2, 4). God’s Servant will not be satisfied nor grow weak until truth and justice prevail throughout the earth and every distant land place their trust and hope in Him (Isaiah 42:3-4; see also Psalm 96:13; Isaiah 2:3-4; Matthew 12:21; Matthew 28:18-20). Furthermore, the prophet Isaiah predicts the nations of the world will trust and look to God’s Servant for His teaching and law – Torah (Isaiah 42:4; see also Matthew 5:1-7:28; Luke 6:17-49). Some biblical scholars declare the Servant will be the new Moses (e.g., see Deuteronomy 18:15-18; Acts 3:21-23, 26).

Moreover, God’s Servant shall be a Light to guide the nations to the living LORD God of heaven and earth (Isaiah 42:6; see also Luke 1:79; Luke 2:28-32; John 8:12). God’s Servant will open the eyes of the blind and release those who are bound by the evil one’s darkness and despair, so they too can come to the Light of living LORD God of heaven (Isaiah 42:6-7 see also Isaiah 49:6, 9; Isaiah 61:1-3; Matthew 11:4-6; Matthew 15:29-31; Luke 1:79; Luke 4:18-19; Hebrews 2:14-15). Finally, the living LORD God declares His Servant will bring into the world a new salvation work (Isaiah 42:9; see also Isaiah 43:19; 2 Corinthians 5:17).

Significantly, the living LORD God (Yahweh) through the prophet Isaiah proclaims He and He alone created the heavens and stretched them out and created the earth and all living creatures (Isaiah 42:5; see also e.g., Genesis 1:1, 6; Psalm 136:5-7; Isaiah 40:12-14, 21-22, 26, 28; Isaiah 44:25; Isaiah 45:12, 18; Acts 14:15). Only the living LORD God gives life, breath, and spirit to everyone in all the world (Isaiah 42:5; see also e.g., Genesis 1:27-30; Genesis 2:7; Acts 17:24:25). Moreover, the living LORD God sits above the circle of the earth (e.g., see Psalm 83:18; Isaiah 40:22; Isaiah 66:1-2). He judges all people of the earth – great and small, and He can bring great people of the world to nothing (see Isaiah 40:23-24). Only the living LORD God is all knowing – omniscient – and knows the beginning from the end (e.g., see Isaiah 41:4; Isaiah 48:12). No one and no other gods compare to the living LORD God Almighty – the Holy One of Israel (see Isaiah 40:25-26; Isaiah 43:10-11). Furthermore, Isaiah declares that the living LORD God is eternal and everlasting (see Isaiah 40:28). Truly, the living LORD God is the nations’ only King, Ruler, and Redeemer and apart from Him, there is no God (see Isaiah 44:6).

Nevertheless, the living LORD God sees our troubles, and He cares for the brokenhearted and humble (see Isaiah 40:27, 29; Isaiah 41:10, 13; Isaiah 57:15). Those who trust in the living LORD God will find new strength, and they will run and not grow weary nor faint (Isaiah 40:31). The living LORD God – who has unlimited power – gives His power, strength, and wisdom to those who love and trust to Him (see Isaiah 40:29, 31). This concept of “trust in God” is not simply to mark time; rather, it is to live in confident expectations of the living LORD God’s action to solve ALL our problems, worries, and needs not only for Israel but for ALL PEOPLE (e.g., see Isaiah 8:17; Isaiah 25:9; Isaiah 49:23; Isaiah 64:4).

Even more, the living LORD God through His prophet Isaiah proclaims that only He is the LORD (Yahweh) our Savior, and that is His Name (Isaiah 42:8; see also e.g., Exodus 3:15; Exodus 6:2-3; Exodus 20:2; Isaiah 43:3, 11, 15; Isaiah 46:9; Isaiah 49:23). The living LORD God declares He will not give His glory to anyone else nor share His praise with any man-made idols or so-called gods (Isaiah 42:8; see also Exodus 20:3-5; Isaiah 48:11). Only the living LORD God deserves all the glory and the praise! Anyone who places their hope and trust in man-made idols and not the living LORD God of heaven will be greatly disappointed, ashamed, and eventually rejected in disgrace (Isaiah 42:17; see also Psalm 97:7; Isaiah 44:9-11; Isaiah 45:16). The prophet Isaiah promises the living LORD God, who is also a Mighty Warrior, will punish His evil enemies that rebel against Him and trust in their man-made idols, governments, or gods (see Isaiah 42:13-15, 17). Therefore, the prophet Isaiah declares NEVER place your trust in money, career, family, government, or even military power but trust in the living LORD God FIRST and FOREMOST!

Originally, the living LORD God called the nation of Israel to be His light and to proclaim His justice, righteousness, and truth to all nations of the world (Isaiah 5:1-7; Isaiah 42:21-22; see also Genesis 22:18; Exodus 19:5-6; Deuteronomy 4:5-8; Jeremiah 2:21). The living LORD God carried the people of Israel on eagles’ wings and brought Israel to Himself (see Exodus 19:4). The living LORD God gave Israel His righteous covenant and promised Israel if they would obey Him and keep His covenant, Israel would be His own special treasure from among all the peoples on earth (e.g., see Exodus 19:5; Deuteronomy 7:9; Titus 2:14). Out of all the nations of the earth, the living LORD God called Israel, who was His vineyard, to be His Kingdom of priests and His holy nation and to proclaim His righteousness standards (Isaiah 5:1-7; see also Exodus 19:5-6; 1 Peter 2:4-5, 9-10; Revelation 1:5-6).

Instead of righteousness and truth, the people of Israel and Judah did evil and wickedness throughout God’s land, Palestine (Isaiah 5:4, 7, 20-23; see also Isaiah 1:2-4, 16-17, 23). Israel and Judah violated the living LORD God covenant and committed all kinds of evil and unjust behavior, including murder, lies, envy, greed, lust, adultery, pride, and treachery (e.g., see Jeremiah 5:1-2, 7-8, 11, 26-28; Jeremiah 6:13). In fact, the prophet Isaiah called Israel blind and deaf because of their continual disobedience, idolatry, and rebellion against the living LORD God (Isaiah 42:18-19; see also Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 2:4-5, 8, 11, 13, 20, 27, 34; Jeremiah 4:17, 22; Jeremiah 5:6, 23; Ezekiel 12:1-2). Israel and Judah knew the righteousness commands (Torah) of the living LORD God, but they refused to obey Him and His commands (Isaiah 6:9-10; Isaiah 42:20-21; see also Jeremiah 5:20-21). Thus, the living LORD God allowed His people Israel to be robbed, enslaved, imprisoned, trapped, and exiled, with no one to protect them because of their continual disobedience and sins toward Him and His righteous commands (Isaiah 42:22-25; see also Jeremiah 2:17-19). The living LORD God allowed such destructions and wrath against His servant Israel and Judah, so they would REPENT and wholeheartedly turn to Him with all obedience and love (Isaiah 42:9, 25; see also Jeremiah 4:4, 14; Jeremiah 5:3).

Despite Israel and Judah’s punishment, the prophet Isaiah assured God’s people that the living LORD God still loved and cared for them. Israel and Judah’s past failures did not nullify the living LORD God’s love and compassion for His people nor did His judgments for their disobedience reverse His plans for His people (Isaiah 40:1-2; see also Deuteronomy 7:6-8; Jeremiah 29:4-14). The prophet Isaiah assured Israel and Judah that the living LORD God could be trusted to keep and protect them if they would only TRUST and OBEY Him (Isaiah 7:9; see also 2 Chronicles 20:20; Proverbs 3:5-6). Even more, the living LORD God through His servant Isaiah promised to defeat Israel’s enemies, protect Israel from harm, and strengthen them for victory (see Isaiah 41:11-12, 15-16; Isaiah 54:16-17). The living LORD God is Israel’s Redeemer, Ruler, and King (see Isaiah 41:14; Isaiah 43:14-15; Isaiah 54:5).

Therefore, the prophet Isaiah encouraged Israel (and all believers in Jesus, who are incorporated into Israel) to fear not and not be afraid (Isaiah 41:10, 13-14; Isaiah 43:1, 5; Isaiah 44:2, 8; see also Jeremiah 42:11-12). The living LORD God is with Israel and Judah (see Haggai 1:13). Moreover, the prophet Isaiah encouraged EVERYONE – human and animals alike – on the earth to sing a new song onto the living LORD God and sing His praises (see Isaiah 42:10-11). The whole earth is full of the living LORD God’s glory and power (Isaiah 42:12; see also Isaiah 6:3)!  

When the New Testament opens, we see the Lord Jesus Christ fulfilling the prophecies of Isaiah. Jesus is the glory of the LORD (Divine Presence) because He is One with His Father, the living LORD God (e.g., see Isaiah 40:5; Matthew 16:16; Mark 14:62; John 1:14, 18; John 10:30; John 14:9). The living LORD God revealed His glory and salvation through the birth of His Son Jesus over 2000 years ago in the small Jewish Palestine town of Bethlehem (e.g., see Luke 2:4, 8-12; Luke 3:6; John 17:24; 2 Peter 1:16-17; 1 John 4:14). Jesus is the salvation sent from the living LORD God (e.g., see Isaiah 40:3-5; Luke 2:30; John 3:16; Acts 4:10-12). In Jesus’ Name, EVERYONE can find hope because Jesus is the hope of the world (Isaiah 42:4; see also Matthew 12:21). The Apostle Paul states in clear terms: Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father (see Philippians 2:11). The Jesus Christ is God with us (e.g., see Isaiah 7:14; Isaiah 9:6; Matthew 1:23)!

References

Amplified Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987).

Apologetics Study Bible: Understanding Why You Believe (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2012).

ESV Study Bible, English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008).

Douglas, J.D. and Tenney, Merrill. NIV Compact Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI:  Zondervan, 1989).

Message Bible (Colorado Springs, CO:  NavPress, 2002).

Oswalt, John. The NIV Application Commentary: Isaiah (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003).

Ryrie Study Bible (Chicago, IL: Moody, 1995).

The Living Bible Paraphrase (Tyndale House, 1971).

Zondervan NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).

Schwab, George, Senior Professor of Old Testament (Due West Campus, SC: Erskine Theological Seminary, 2018).

Wiersbe, Warren W. Bible Exposition Commentary – Old Testament (Victor Books, 1989).

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[1] This author acknowledges that some biblical scholars believe that multiple writers are responsible for creating the book of Isaiah. However, this author believes in predictive prophecy and the prophet Isaiah wrote the entire Old Testament book of Isaiah.

[2] The names “Jacob” and “Israel” are often interchanged throughout the Old Testament, referring sometimes to the individual patriarch listed with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and sometimes to the nation Jacob (e.g., see Genesis 32:28; Isaiah 14:1). The living God changed Jacob’s name to Israel, which means “he fights or persists with God” (in prevailing prayer) (see Genesis 32:25-28). Jacob’s divinely given name, “Israel,” indicated that “he struggled with God” and prevailed, growing spiritually in the process. Jacob’s great struggle with God can be found at Genesis 32:22-32.