By God’s Gracious Spirit

⁵ Then the (interpreting or messenger) angel who talked with me (Zechariah) answered and said to me, “Do you not know what these are?” I said, “No, my lord.” ⁶ Then he (interpreting or guiding angel) said to me (Zechariah), “This is the word of the LORD to Zerubbabel: Not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the LORD of Hosts. ⁷ Who are you, O great mountain (obstacle)? Before Zerubbabel you shall become a plain (molehill, flat land). And he shall bring forward the top stone amid shouts of ‘Grace, grace to it!’”  Zechariah 4:5-7, English Standard Version

In the opening verses of chapter 4, Zechariah is once again accompanied by a messenger or interpreting angel (see Zechariah 4:1, 4-5, 10-13). Throughout Zechariah’s prophecy, a messenger or interpreting angel walked with the prophet and reviewed Zechariah’s understanding and explained his many night visions from the living LORD God (e.g., see Zechariah 1:9, 13-14, 19, 21; Zechariah 2:2-3; Zechariah 3:1; Zechariah 5:5, 10; Zechariah 6:4-6).

Now in chapter 4, the prophet Zechariah is given another night vision involving Zerubbabel, the governor of Judah. Zerubbabel along with Joshua, the high priest, led the Jewish people returning from Exile into Palestine (Promised Land) in 538 BC through King Cyrus pronouncement. The Old Testament post-exilic books of Ezra, Nehemiah, Haggai and long with Zechariah tells of God’s people under the leadership of Zerubbabel and Joshua returning to Palestine to rebuild Jerusalem and the LORD God’s Temple (e.g., see Ezra 1:1-5; Ezra 2:1-2; Ezra 3:1-2; Ezra 5:2; Nehemiah 7:7; Nehemiah 12:1; Haggai 1:1; Haggai 2:2).

According to Ezra 3, Zerubbabel and Joshua along with their fellow Jews rebuilt the altar and laid the foundation of the Temple (see Ezra 3:1-3). However, the returning Jews halted and stopped the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the Temple because of discouragement, enemy opposition, and even government opposition (e.g., see Ezra 4:1-6, 23-24). Ezra chapter 4 described three different strategies evil people used to hinder God’s people rebuilding Jerusalem and the Temple. First, these evil workers offered help to God’s people either to compromise or even a complete take over of the rebuilding (see Ezra 4:1-3). Second, the evil workers tried to discourage, frighten, and frustrate God’s people (see Ezra 4:4-5). Finally, Satan’s evil workers used official governmental powers to force God’s people to stop rebuilding God’s Temple (see Ezra 4:23-24). Even worse, the returning Jews succumbed to Satan’s evil tactics and began devoting their time and strength on their homes, luxuries, and comforts first and ignored the LORD God’s Temple (e.g., see Haggai 1:3-4).

For nearly 20 years, the Temple and Jerusalem laid in ruins! Because God’s people ignored Jerusalem and the living LORD God’s house – the Temple, the people experienced scarcity and could not meet their basic needs despite their hard work and labor. God’s people were working hard, but the living LORD God did not bless their efforts because they ignored living LORD God’s House FIRST (e.g., see Haggai 1:5-6, 9-11; Haggai 2:14-17)! The people worked hard; however, their crops failed, and their money disappeared as soon as they earned money because they had the WRONG priorities. The people needed to place GOD FIRST by rebuilding the Temple (see Haggai 1:2, 4, 8-9)! The Temple symbolized the living LORD God’s Presence (Name) and His honor (Ezra 6:12; see also Exodus 20:24; Exodus 25:21-22; Exodus 40:34-38; 1 Kings 8:12-13, 27-30).

Then in approximately 520 BC during Darius of Persia’s reign, the living and sovereign LORD God raised up His prophets, Haggai and Zechariah to support and encourage Zerubbabel, Joshua, and God’s people to be STRONG and FINISH the work of rebuilding Jerusalem and the LORD God’s Temple (see Ezra 5:1-2; Ezra 6:1-14; Haggai 1:1-2, 7-8, 12-15; Haggai 2:1-2, 4-5; Zechariah 1:1, 7; Zechariah 4:6-10; Zechariah 8:9-11). These two prophets invigorated God’s people to be strong, courageous, and finish the living LORD God’s Temple under Zerubbabel and Joshua’s leadership because the living and true LORD God by His Spirit would be with them and never forsake them (Haggai 1:14-15; Zechariah 1:1, 7; Zechariah 8:9, 12-13; see also Deuteronomy 31:6). The prophets Haggai and Zechariah assured God’s people the living LORD God’s Presence and Power were with them through His Spirit to strengthen them to finish rebuilding Jerusalem and His Temple (Haggai 1:13; Haggai 2:4-5; Zechariah 4:6-10; see Genesis 26:3; Matthew 1:23; Matthew 28:20). Moreover, Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the people to TRUST and HONOR the living LORD God, live MORAL LIVES, and place Him FIRST in their lives and hearts (see Haggai 2:10-17; Zechariah 7:8-10). If the people honored the living LORD God and lived moral (righteous lives), the LORD promised to bless His people with His PRESENCE and grace (Haggai 1:7-8; see also 1 Chronicles 28:9-10; Matthew 6:33). Because the people listened to the prophets Haggai and Zechariah and rebuilt the Temple, the people began to prosper and become successful (see Ezra 6:14). Even more important, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah knew the coming blessings of Jesus the Messiah (also known as Christ, the Anointed One, and the Desire of All Nations) would walk Jerusalem and fill this rebuilt Temple with God’s glory (Haggai 2:6-9; Zechariah 9:9-10; see also Luke 2:32; John 1:9, 14, 16).

This Temple (also called the Second Temple) was fully completed and dedicated on March 12, 515 BC, and the people celebrated the completion with joy (see Ezra 6:15-16). Thus, the Second Temple was finished approximately seventy (70) years after the Babylonian destruction in 586 BC. Herod the Great later remodeled and expanded the Temple at the time of the Lord Jesus Christ. This Second Temple stood for approximately 585 years until the Roman Army under Titus destroyed the Temple in AD 70, thereby ending the Jewish sacrificial system.[1]

As previously mentioned, the living LORD God was previously angry with His people and hid His Presence and goodness because of their many sins, evil deeds, and wickedness (e.g., Isaiah 1:15; Isaiah 5:7-8; Isaiah 57:17). Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem were filled with murder, rebellion, thief, adultery, bribery, prostitution, witchcraft, drinking, pride, greed, idolatry, unfaithfulness, and lies as well as mistreatment of aliens, widows, and the poor (e.g., see 2 Kings 17:7-23; Isaiah 1:21-23; Isaiah 5:11-12, 20-23;  Hosea 1:2; Habakkuk 1:2-4; Zephaniah 1:4-6). Even worse, the religious leaders and judges were corrupted, disregarded God’s instructions, and only sought personal gain for themselves (e.g., see Zephaniah 3:1-4, 7).

For a moment, the living LORD God turned away from His people – the Jews – because of their wickedness and rebellion but now the prophet Zechariah revealed the living LORD God was returning to Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem with His grace, mercy, and Presence (Zechariah 1:3, 5-6, 16; Zechariah 2:5, 8, 10-12; see also Isaiah 47:6; Isaiah 54:7-8). The living LORD God informed His holy prophet Jeremiah that He would again return to His people after seventy (70) years of judgment (Exile) from His Promised Land with peace and overflowing prosperity (Jeremiah 25:11-12; Jeremiah 29:10-14; see also Isaiah 57:18-20; Daniel 9:2-3).

During the seventy years of Exile, God’s people realized their rebellion, repented and confessed their sins and evil against the living LORD God and His covenant (Zechariah 1:6; see also e.g., Lamentations 2:17; Daniel 9:4-24). The living LORD God heard His people’s genuine and wholehearted prayers of repentance and forgave their sins (Zechariah 1:3, 6, 12; see also 2 Chronicles 7:14; Psalm 32:5-7; Psalm 51:1-4; Proverbs 28:13). Psalm 126 records the joy and laughter of God’s restored people after the Exile. The Holy Scriptures are clear: the living LORD God promises that when we wholeheartedly return to Him with repentance and faith, He returns to us with His healing, peace, blessings, and full restoration (e.g., see Hosea 6:1; Matthew 4:17, 23-25; John 16:33; Philippians 4:4-7).

In Zechariah chapter 4, the prophet Zechariah receives another message from the living LORD God to this time give to Zerubbabel. In chapter 3, Zechariah’s prophetic message focused on Joshua the high priest and the living LORD God’s forgiveness of His people’s sins through repentance and obedience to Him (Zechariah 3:1-7; see also Zechariah 1:3-6). Now, the living LORD God needed to encourage and strength His servant Zerubbabel to lead His people.

Zerubbabel was significant because he was a chosen servant of the living LORD God (e.g., see Haggai 2:23). Significantly, Zerubbabel was the grandson of King Jehoiachin, who was a descendant of King David of Judah (see 2 Kings 24:10-17; 2 Kings 25:27-30). When the Jews returned to Palestine from Exile, they were now ruled by the Persian foreign government, and they were very few with no king and no military army (e.g., see Ezra 1:1-5). The beautiful Temple built by King Solomon laid in ruins and Jerusalem was destroyed (e.g., see 2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-20; Jeremiah 39:1-10; Jeremiah 52:4-27). Sadly, God’s people felt the LORD God’s wrath after years of unfaithfulness, rebellion, and disobedience against the living LORD God and His righteous commands. The living LORD God punished and scattered Israel and Judah for their disobedience, sinfulness, and selfishness (Zechariah 1:5-6, 21; Zechariah 2:6; Zechariah 7:11-14; Zechariah 8:14; see also Leviticus 26:33; Deuteronomy 28:36-42; 2 Kings 17:13-15; 2 Chronicles 36:15-21; Jeremiah 35:15). Nevertheless, the living LORD God still LOVED His people and NEVER rejected Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem (Zechariah 1:14, 16; Zechariah 8:1-3; e.g., see Leviticus 26:44-45; Ezekiel 11:16). Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem continued to be the apple of the living LORD God’s eye (Zechariah 2:8; see also Deuteronomy 32:10). Moreover, the living LORD God was faithful to His promises, and He preserved King David’s family line with Zerubbabel (e.g., see 2 Samuel 7:12-16). Zerubbabel was a Davidic prince and listed as a descendant of the Lord Jesus Christ, who is the son of David and King of kings forever (see Matthew 1:1, 6, 12-13, 17; Luke 1:32-33; Luke 3:27). Some biblical scholars see Zechariah’s vision of the olive trees and lampstand a symbol of the living LORD God’s watchfulness and power to fulfill His promise to David’s house, presented by Zerubbabel.

Here is the GOOD NEWS: all believers in the Lord Jesus Christ has been unity and grafted into the people of the living LORD God (the Jews) and receive all His spiritual blessings, mercy, and grace as joint heirs with His Son, Jesus – the Head of the church (e.g., see John 1:12-13; John 3:3-8; Acts 11:14-17; Galatians 4:4-6; Ephesians 1:22-23; Ephesians 2:11-22). Through faith in Christ Jesus our Lord, Jews and Gentiles alike are all children (family) of God and Abraham’s seed (e.g., see Genesis 12:1-3, 7; Romans 10:12-13; Galatians 3:26-29; Ephesians 3:6, 12, 15). The living LORD God adopts believers in His Son Jesus into His family and gives believers His inheritance – the Spirit of the living God (e.g., see Ephesians 1:5, 11-14; 1 John 5:1).

In chapter 4, the messenger angel once again awakens Zechariah as though Zechariah had been in a deep sleep (Zechariah 4:1; see also 1 Kings 19:5-7). Similarly, seeing divine visions, including the living LORD God and understanding their meanings made the prophet Daniel weary and sleepy strength (e.g., see Daniel 7:9-10, 13-14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:8-10, 15-19).

The messenger angel asked Zechariah, “What do you see now?” (Zechariah 4:2; see also Jeremiah 1:13; Jeremiah 24:3; Zechariah 5:2). Zechariah answered the messenger angel, “I see a gold lampstand holding seven lamps, and at the top there is a reservoir for the olive oil that feeds the lamps, flowing into them through seven tubes” (see Zechariah 4:2; The Living Bible Translation). Then, the prophet Zechariah also informed the messenger angel that he sees, “two olive trees carved upon the lampstand, one on each side of the reservoir” (see Zechariah 4:3, The Living Bible Translation).

Some biblical scholars believe Zechariah’s vision of the golden lampstand means the living LORD God’s Presence, glory, and watchfulness were returning to Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem to reveal His good light (Zechariah 2:5; see also Isaiah 10:17; John 8:12; 1 Timothy 6:16; 1 John 1:5, 7). In the opening chapters of Zechariah, the prophet sees the Angel of the LORD and heavenly army patrolling the earth for the living LORD God (see Zechariah 1:8, 10-11; see also Zechariah 6:2-8). The living LORD God announced to Zechariah that He was returning to Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem with His grace, mercy, and blessings because of His people’s repentance and obedience (see Zechariah 1:3-6, 12-13, 16-17; Zechariah 2:5, 10-13). Significantly, the golden lampstand in the books of Exodus and Revelation stood for the Presence, revelation, and goodness of the LORD with His repentant and faithful people (e.g., see Exodus 25:31-40; Exodus 37:17-24; Revelation 1:12-13, 20; Revelation 2:1, 5; Revelation 4:5). Even more, the living LORD God commands His faithful people  to shine as His light in a dark world through their good deeds and moral excellence for His glory and honor (e.g., see Isaiah 60:1-3; Isaiah 62:1; Daniel 12:3; Matthew 5:14-16; Luke 12:35-37; 1 Corinthians 10:31; Ephesians 2:10; Philippians 2:12, 15).

Then, Zechariah asked the messenger the meaning of the gold lampstand, the seven lamps, and the two olive trees (see Zechariah 4:4).  The messenger angel asked Zechariah why he does not know the meaning of the gold lampstand, the seven lamps, and the two olive trees (see Zechariah 4:5, 12). Then, the messenger angel informed the prophet Zechariah, “This is God’s message to Zerubbabel: ‘Not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the Lord Almighty — you will succeed because of My Spirit, though you are few and weak’” (see Zechariah 4:6; The Living Bible Translation). Zechariah along with Haggai received the prophetic message from the living LORD God that the rebuilding of the Temple is charged to Zerubbabel and Joshua and will occur by His powerful outpouring of the Spirit and not by human resources of might and power (see also Haggai 1:13-15; Haggai 2:4-5)! Essentially, Zechariah chapter 4 teaches that the living LORD God empowers His faithful people for His service (see Zechariah 4:1-14).

The living LORD God Almighty assured Zerubbabel that he would not succeed by his strength or power, but by His mighty and unending Holy Spirit flowing through his hands and efforts (Zechariah 4:6; see also Deuteronomy 8:18; 1 Chronicles 29:12; Haggai 2:4-5). The Holy Scriptures are clear: no one wins and builds by one’s strength and army, but by PATIENT and HUMBLE TRUST and OBEDIENCE in the true and living LORD God of heaven (e.g., see 1 Samuel 2:9; 1 Samuel 17:47; Psalm 33:16-22; Psalm 127:1; Zephaniah 2:3). The living LORD God wanted Zerubbabel and the people to have FAITH in Him and rely on His GREAT POWER to rebuild the Temple (e.g., see also Habakkuk 2:2-4; 2 Corinthians 5:7). Even though Zerubbabel and the returning Jews appeared weak and few, they were POWERFUL and STRONG because the living LORD God by His Spirit was with them (e.g., see also 2 Corinthians 12:9-10). The Spirit of God would empower and strengthen Zerubbabel and God’s people! Like the prophet Zechariah, the prophet Haggai encouraged Zerubbabel, Joshua, and God’s people NOT TO FEAR but to be STRONG and WORK rebuilding Jerusalem and His Temple because the LORD God and His powerful Spirit would be present working within their hands and efforts (Haggai 1:13-15: Haggai 2:1-2, 4-5; see also Joshua 1:6-9; 1 Chronicles 28:10, 20; Zechariah 4:6-7; Zechariah 8:9, 13, 15).

Similarly, the living LORD God through His servant Moses encouraged Joshua and God’s people, the ancient Israelites, to be STRONG and COURAGEOUS and NOT AFRAID nor TERRIFIED because His Presence (Spirit) would go and be with them to defeat any enemy attacks (Exodus 33:14-17; Deuteronomy 1:29-30; Deuteronomy 31:6, 23; see also Joshua 1:6-7; Joshua 10:25; 1 Chronicles 22:13). For the LORD God is a GREAT, POWERFUL, and AWESOME GOD, and He is the One who goes with His faithful and obedient people to fight their battles, build houses, and give them victory (e.g., see Exodus 14:14; Deuteronomy 20:1-4; 2 Samuel 5:10-11; 1 Chronicles 5:22; 2 Chronicles 20:14-22; 2 Chronicles 32:7-8; Nehemiah 4:20; Acts 7:9). The living LORD God will NEVER leave or forsakes His obedient and faithful people (e.g., see Joshua 1:5; Isaiah 41:10, 13; Hebrews 13:5-6). Truly, if God is for you, who can ever be against you to defeat you (e.g., see Exodus 3:2; Exodus 14:22; Numbers 14:9; 2 Kings 6:16; Psalm 118:6; Isaiah 41:10; Romans 8:31; 1 John 4:4). The living LORD God is the GREATER POWER (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 32:7-8).

Even more, the Apostle Paul gave the same message to believers to Jesus: “be strong in the Lord and in His mighty power (e.g., see 1 Corinthians 16:13; Ephesians 1:19; Ephesians 6:10; 2 Timothy 2:1). The living and true LORD God our Father has blessed all faithful and obedient believers united to His Son the Lord Jesus Christ by faith with every spiritual blessing, peace, wisdom, understanding, and grace (e.g., see Ephesians 1:3, 6-8). Furthermore, the living LORD God has not given obedient believers of Jesus a spirit of fear, cowardness, and timidity, but He has given faithful believers of Jesus through His Holy Spirit love, wisdom, peace, understanding, and most important His power (e.g., see Isaiah 11:2; John 14:1, 15-20, 27; Acts 1:8; Romans 8:15-17; 1 Corinthians 1:30; Ephesians 1:17-19; 2 Timothy 1:7). The living LORD God’s gracious Spirit works within faithful believers of Jesus to give them great and immeasurable power (e.g., see Acts 4:33; Ephesians 1:19; Ephesians 3:7; Colossians 1:29). Importantly, the living LORD God’s power is the SAME POWER that raised His Son Jesus from death in the grave and seated Him in the place of honor at His right hand in the heavenly realms (e.g., see Ephesians 1:19-20).

The Lord Jesus knew God’s people would face oppositions and other attacks from Satan and his evil minions in this world (e.g., see 1 Thessalonians 2:3). However, the Lord Jesus instructed believers to CELEBRATE because He has already defeated Satan and his evil minions through faith in Him and gives believers His spiritual power (e.g., see John 16:33; 1 John 4:4; 1 John 5:4-5). Therefore, the Holy Scriptures reminds believers that we can do all things through the Lord Jesus that strengthens our inner beings by His power (e.g., see Ephesians 3:16; Philippians 4:13).

Moreover, the living LORD God promised Zerubbabel and His people that no big and mighty mountain nor human obstacle could stop them from rebuilding Jerusalem and His Temple to set the Cornerstone in place (see Zechariah 4:7). The messenger angel knew the Messiah – who is also called the Cornerstone (Capstone) and Righteous Servant-Branch – would be coming soon with God’s grace and blessings into this Temple (Haggai 2:6-9; Zechariah 3:8-9; see also Isaiah 4:2; Isaiah 49:3; John 1:14, 16).

Therefore, the living LORD informed Zechariah to tell the people that any mountain or human obstacle will become a mere molehill and a plain (Zechariah 4:7; see also Isaiah 40:4). The living LORD God wanted Zerubbabel, Joshua, and His people to have FAITH in Him because NOTHING will be impossible if they have FAITH in Him (e.g., see Matthew 17:20-21; Matthew 21:21-22; Mark 9:23). Faith in the living LORD God empowers His people by His Spirit to overcome seemingly impossible obstacles – whether political, practical, or demonic powers! In fact, the living LORD God is so strong He can move and level any mountain (e.g., see Isaiah 40:4). NOTHING is too hard for God (e.g., see Jeremiah 32:17, 27). All these blessings will come to Zerubbabel, Joshua, and God’s people by the living LORD God’s gracious Spirit and mercy alone (Zechariah 4:7; see also Zechariah 3:9).

The Holy Scriptures are clear: God’s gracious Spirit works through His people accomplishes what appears to be an impossible mission! The small Jewish community returning from Babylonian Exile did not think they had resources and strength to complete the rebuilding of God’s Temple. The prophets Zechariah and Haggai encouraged Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people that they did not need to worry about financial resources, political conditions, or lack of workers. God’s mighty Spirit would supply all their needs! The Holy Spirit is the power source for all people on mission for the living LORD God (e.g., see Haggai 2:4-5; Zechariah 4:6)!

Then, the prophet Zechariah received another divine message from the living LORD God saying:

⁹ “Zerubbabel laid the foundation of this Temple, and he will complete it. Then you will know these messages are from God, the Lord Almighty. ¹⁰ Do not despise this small beginning, for the eyes of the LORD rejoice to see the work begin, to see the plumbline in the hand of Zerubbabel. For these seven lamps represent the eyes of the LORD that see everywhere around the world.” Zechariah 4:8-10, The Living Bible Translation

The living LORD God promised Zechariah that Zerubbabel’s hands started rebuilding the new Temple, and his hands will complete the restoration of the new Temple (Zechariah 4:6, 8-9; see also 1 Chronicles 28:20; Ezra 3:8-11; Zechariah 1:16-17; Zechariah 6:12). This promise reminds believers of the living LORD God's promise in Philippians 1:6, “Being confident of this very thing, that He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ” (see Philippians 1:6, NKJV). Then, Zerubbabel will know that the living LORD God Almighty has sent His angel (messenger) to Zerubbabel (Zechariah 4:9; see also Zechariah 2:7-9). Zerubbabel is God’s anointed, and he would be descendant of the Cornerstone and Branch – the Lord Jesus Christ (Zechariah 4:7; Zechariah 6:12-15 Zechariah 10:4; see also Psalm 118:22; Daniel 2:43-45; Matthew 21:42-44; Mark 12:10-11; Luke 20:17-18; Acts 4:11).

Then the LORD informed Zechariah to NEVER despises the day of small things nor small beginnings as unimportant (Zechariah 4:10; see also Haggai 2:3-4; Matthew 13:31-32). Some of the people were saddened when the Temple’s foundation was laid and while the Temple was under construction (see Ezra 3:10-13; Haggai 2:3). Although the new Temple seemed small in comparison to King Solomon’s Temple, this new Temple will be filled with the living LORD God’s glory – His Son, the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) (see Ezra 3:12; Haggai 2:3, 6-7). The LORD assured Zechariah that everyone would rejoice and shout “Grace, Grace” when they see what some biblical translations call the “plummet stone” or “the chosen Capstone” in Zerubbabel’s hands to rebuild and complete the Temple by His Spirit (Zechariah 4:10; see also Zechariah 1:16-17). The living LORD God’s gracious and powerful Spirit working within Zerubbabel and the people’s hands will bring success, completion, and victory! Similarly, the church began with 120 people and today ministers around the world (see Acts 1:15). NOTHING is too small when the living LORD God is the Builder!

Going back to the vision, the interpreting angel informed Zechariah that the seven lamps (or seven facets) in Zerubbabel’s hand represent the seven eyes or the sevenfold Holy Spirit of the living LORD God, which ranges and sees across the whole earth (Zechariah 4:10; see also Zechariah 3:9; Revelation 1:4; Revelation 3:1; Revelation 5:6; Revelation 8:2). While Zerubbabel and the people were working, the eyes of the LORD were watching over His people and monitoring the work. The living LORD God is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient. The eyes of the living LORD God range and patrol throughout the earth to strengthen, support, and protect by His gracious Spirit those whose hearts and minds are fully committed and dependent upon Him (Zechariah 1:8-10; see also e.g.; 2 Chronicles 16:9; Psalm 33:13-15, 18; Psalm 34:15; Proverbs 15:3; Jeremiah 16:17; 1 Peter 3:12). The living LORD God gives His grace and honor to those who walk blamelessly and trust in Him (see also 1 Samuel 2:9; Psalm 84:11-12).

Then the prophet Zechariah asked the interpreting angel about the two olive trees on the right and the left of the lampstand and about the two olive branches that emptied golden oil into gold bowls through two gold tubes or pipes (Zechariah 4:3, 11-12; see also Revelation 11:4). Zechariah informed the interpreting angel he did not understand the meaning of these heavenly objects (see Zechariah 4:5, 13). The interpreting angel informed Zechariah these heavenly objects represented or symbolize the two anointed ones of new oil appointed to serve the living LORD God of all the earth (see Zechariah 4:14). Some biblical translations state these two anointed ones are the two sons of oil who stand before the living LORD God of the whole earth as His anointed instruments.

For centuries, biblical scholars have debated the meaning of the two anointed ones in Zechariah’s vision (see Zechariah 4:3, 11-12, 14). Some biblical scholars believe these two anointed ones in Zechariah’s vision are “the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the God of the earth,” and this prophecy will be fulfilled in the last days of the present age (see Revelation 11:4). However, other biblical scholars argue the two anointed ones who stand by the LORD of the whole earth are Joshua the high priest and Zerubbabel the prince of Judah. The combination of Joshua the high priest and Zerubbabel the prince of Judah points ultimately to Jesus, who is the Messianic Priest-King anointed by the living and true LORD God for His service (see also Exodus 29:1, 7; Exodus 40:15; Psalm 110:1-4; Zechariah 6:12-13; Hebrews 7:11, 15, 21; Revelation 1:5).

Whoever the anointed ones are, most biblical scholars agree the oil used in Zechariah’s vision symbolizes the abundant and gracious Holy Spirit who empowers, protects, equips, and strengthens the witnesses (see Zechariah 4:6). Divine grace is an immeasurable power which undergirds the present life of believers. Our calling, our witness, our works are all based on the power of God’s gracious Spirit working within our lives (e.g., see Romans 1:16-17). Amazingly, the living LORD God (Father) sent His one and only Son Jesus Christ with His gracious Spirit, and everyone can receive God’s gracious and empowering Spirit through faith in His Son Jesus (e.g., see John 1:14, 16-18; Acts 11:15-17; Hebrews 10:29). Jesus is One with His Father, the true and living LORD God of heaven (e.g., see John 1:1-3, 18; John 14:6). The early church as displayed in the book of Acts grew and flourished because of God’s gracious Spirit working through believers of Jesus Christ (e.g., see Acts 4:33; Acts 6:8-10; Acts 11:22-24; Acts 14:26). Amazingly, the gracious Spirit is the SAME POWER given to believers of Jesus that the living LORD God used to raise His Son from the grace (see Ephesians 1:19-20)!

References

Amplified Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987).

ESV Study Bible, English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008).

NLT Study Bible (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Pub., 2008).

The Living Bible Paraphrase (Tyndale House, 1971).

Zondervan NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).

Butler, Trent C. Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003).

Wiersbe, Warren W. Bible Exposition Commentary – Old Testament (Victor Books, 1989).

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[1] The Holy Scriptures describes three Temples. The first Temple built and completed by King Solomon but destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC (e.g., see 1 Kings 5:1-9:10; 2 Kings 25:8-21; Jeremiah 52:12-27). The second Temple was completed under the leadership of Zerubbabel and Joshua after the Babylonian Exile (see Ezra 6:15-16). In the New Testament, Herod the Great expanded the second Temple. All three were located on a prominent hill north of David’s capital city, which he conquered from the Jebusites (see 2 Samuel 5:6-7). The book of Chronicles identifies this hill with Mount Moriah, where Abraham had been willing to offer Isaac (2 Chronicles 3:1; see also Genesis 22:1-14). Thus, the Temple mount in Jerusalem is called Mount Moriah. Today, the Temple’s location is now the site of the Dome of the Rock, center of the Muslim enclosure called Haram es-Sharif (the third holiest place in Islam, after Mecca and Medina). This enclosure is basically what is left of Herod’s enlarged Temple platform, the masonry of which may best be seen in its Western Wall, the holiest place within Judaism since the Roman destruction of Herod’s Temple in AD 70. The Apostle Paul thought of the church and believers of Jesus as the new Temple indwelt with the Holy Spirit (LORD’s Presence) (e.g., see 1 Corinthians 3:16-17; 1 Corinthians 6:19-20; 2 Corinthians 6:16-18). For the Apostle John, the ideal which the Temple represented will ultimately be realized in a “new Jerusalem” (see Revelation 21:2).