Jesus Is King and Priest!

⁹ Then I (Zechariah) received another message (word) from the LORD (Yahweh, Jehovah): ¹⁰ “Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah will bring gifts (donations) of silver and gold from the Jews exiled in Babylon…. ¹¹ Accept their gifts (donations) and make a crown (crowns) from the silver and gold. Then put the crown on the head of Jeshua (Joshua) son of Jehozadak, the high priest. ¹² Tell him, ‘This is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies says: Here is the Man (Messiah) called the BRANCH (Semah, Shoot). He will branch out from where He is and build the Temple of the LORD (Yahweh, Jehovah). ¹³ Yes, He will build the Temple of the LORD (Yahweh, Jehovah). Then He will receive royal honor (glory) and will rule as King from His throne. He will also serve as Priest from His throne, and there will be perfect harmony (peace) between His two roles.’ ¹⁴ The crown will be a memorial in the Temple of the LORD to honor those who gave it — Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah, and Josiah son of Zephaniah. ¹⁵ People will come from distant lands to rebuild the Temple of the LORD (Yahweh, Jehovah) …. All this will happen if you carefully obey what the LORD your God says.” Zechariah 6:9-15, New Living Translation 2^nd Edition

In the climax of the first six chapters, Zechariah received another message from the true and living LORD God – Yahweh (also known as Jehovah) (see Zechariah 6:9-15). Some biblical scholars have referred to Zechariah 6:9-15 as one of the most significant Messianic passages in the Old Testament. In this section, the prophet Zechariah sees the glory and crowning of the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) as both the Davidic King and Priest (see also 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Psalm 110:4; Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 1:1, 16; Mark 15:2; John 1:49; John 12:13; Romans 1:3-4; Hebrews 2:17; Hebrews 5:5-6, 10). Amazingly, the prophet Jeremiah also saw the coming Messiah as both the Davidic King and Priest (see Jeremiah 33:15-18).

Throughout his prophecy, Zechariah received divine messages from the true and living LORD God about Israel, Judah, Jerusalem, and most importantly about the Messiah (Christ) (e.g., see Zechariah 1:1; Zechariah 4:8; Zechariah 5:1; Zechariah 7:1; Zechariah 8:1). Other true prophets have also had the privilege of being called by the true and living LORD God (Yahweh), access into His Throne Room of heaven (also called the heavenly court or heavenly council), and visions of the Messiah (Jesus) (e.g., see 1 Kings 22:19-22; 2 Kings 2:11-12;; Amos 3:7). For example, Moses was called by the living LORD, went into the Throne Room, and saw the coming Messiah (e.g., see Exodus 3:4; Exodus 24:9-18; Hebrews 11:26). Additionally, the living LORD God gave Daniel direct access to Him and His Throne Room of heaven, as well as knowledge of His Kingdom (see Daniel 7:1, 9-10, 13-14). Other genuine prophets include father Abraham (see Genesis 12:1-3; John 8:56); Samuel (see 1 Samuel 3:4); Isaiah (see 6:1-4, 8; John 12:41); Jeremiah (see Jeremiah 1:4-5; Jeremiah 23:16-22); Ezekiel (see Ezekiel 1:26-28; Ezekiel 2:1-8); Hosea (see Hosea 1:2); Amos (see Amos 7:15); and Jonah (see Jonah 1:1-2). The Holy Scriptures teaches that our father Abraham, the prophet Moses, and many other great prophets and righteous servants of the Old Testament saw in the distance the coming Messiah (e.g., see Matthew 13:17; Luke 10:24; John 8:56; Hebrews 11:26; 1 Peter 1:10-12).

A prophet’s job is to speak the living LORD God’s word as His messenger or mouthpiece on His behalf to the people (e.g., see Exodus 4:15-16). Long ago the LORD God, again and again, spoke through His faithful prophets (messengers) in many and various ways, including visions, dreams, and even face to face (Hebrews 1:1; see also see Numbers 12:6, 8; 2 Kings 17:13; 2 Chronicles 36:15; Jeremiah 7:3, 13; Jeremiah 25:4; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19; Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 14:6; Ezekiel 18:30; Hebrews 1:1). The living LORD God gave the prophets His plans, warnings of repentance, divine will, and purposes for all people (Hebrews 1:1; see also 2 Kings 17:13; Jeremiah 35:15; Ezekiel 18:31; Amos 3:7). Now, the book of Hebrews opens with an important announcement: “In the past, God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets …. now in these last days God has spoken to us through His Son” (see Hebrews 1:1-2, NCV). The theme of the New Testament book of Hebrews is the absolute supremacy and greatness of the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) not only as our Redeemer, Savior, and Son of God but also the living LORD God’s mouthpiece as the Prophet! 

In chapter 6, the living LORD God instructed Zechariah to receive offerings and donations from Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah (see Zechariah 6:10, 14). The offerings or contributions were gifts of silver and gold from some Jewish exiles returning from Babylon for the living LORD God’s use and purpose and not the prophet’s personal gain (see also Ezra 7:12-17; Ezra 8:26-30; Jeremiah 28:6). Some biblical scholars have argued the offering was a community-wide collection from the returned exiles to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple previously destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BC (see 2 Kings 25). ALL belongs to the living LORD God, including the silver and gold, to build His glorious Temple (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 29:2, 14-16; Haggai 2:6-8). Then, the living LORD God instructed Zechariah to meet Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah at the home of Josiah son of Zephaniah (see Zechariah 6:10). In some biblical translations, Heldai is also called “Helem,” and Josiah is called “Hen.” Interestingly, both Jedaiah and Josiah were descendants of the priests (see 2 Kings 25:18; Nehemiah 7:39).

The gifts of Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah were from the Jews exiled in Babylon (see Zechariah 6:10). For background, the living LORD God allowed the Assyrians to destroy Israel and then the Babylonians to destroy Judah Jerusalem because of His people’s repeated idolatry, evil deeds, and unfaithfulness against Him and His covenant (commandments) (e.g., see 2 Kings 17:7-23; 2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-21; Isaiah 1:15; Isaiah 5:7-8; Isaiah 57:17). Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem became filled with murder, rebellion, thief, adultery, bribery, prostitution, witchcraft, drinking, pride, greed, idolatry, unfaithfulness, and lies as well as mistreatment of aliens, widows, and the poor (e.g., see Isaiah 1:21-23; Isaiah 5:11-12, 20-23; Hosea 1:2; Habakkuk 1:2-4; Zephaniah 1:4-6). Even worse, the religious leaders and judges were corrupted, disregarded God’s instructions, and only sought personal gain for themselves (e.g., see Zephaniah 3:1-4, 7).

The living LORD God loved His people! Because of His love, the living LORD God Almighty repeatedly sent His servants (prophets) to warn Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem to REPENT of their wicked sins, turn from their evil ways, and obey Him and His covenant because He loved His people (Zechariah 1:4; see also e.g., Exodus 20:1-23:9; 2 Kings 17:13; 2 Chronicles 24:19; 2 Chronicles 36:15; Isaiah 1:15-20, 23-24; Isaiah 45:22; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 11:7-8; Jeremiah 25:4-6; Jeremiah 35:15-16; Ezekiel 33:10-11; Hosea 10:12; Hosea 14:1-2). Despite the holy prophet’s repeated message to REPENT and turn from evil-doing, Israel and Judah scorned and refused to listen to the living LORD God’s prophets and ignored God’s requirements for righteousness (Zechariah 1:4; Zechariah 7:11-12; see also e.g., 2 Kings 17:13-15; 2 Chronicles 36:16).

Therefore, the living LORD God shattered His people and sent them into Assyrian and Babylonian captivity (e.g., see 2 Kings 24:8-17; 2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-21; Ezra 3:1-3; Haggai 1:12-15; Haggai 2:4; Jeremiah 52:4-27). Israel and Judah’s repeated sinfulness and evil-doing brought the living LORD God’s punishment and removal from His Promised Land (e.g., see Ezekiel 24:14; Ezekiel 36:16-19; Zechariah 8:14). For a moment, the living LORD God turned away from His people – the Jews – because of their wickedness and rebellion and experienced the living LORD God’s wrath during the Exile (see Zechariah 1:5-6).

However now the prophet Zechariah revealed the living LORD God was returning to Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem with His grace, mercy, and Presence (Zechariah 1:3, 5-6, 16; Zechariah 2:5, 8, 10-12; see also Isaiah 47:6; Isaiah 54:7-8). During the Exile, God’s people realized their rebellion, REPENTED and CONFESSED their sins and evil against the living LORD God and His covenant (Zechariah 1:6; see also e.g., Lamentations 2:17; Daniel 9:4-24). The living LORD God heard His people’s genuine and wholehearted prayers of repentance and forgave their sins (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 7:14; Psalm 32:5-7; Psalm 51:1-4; Proverbs 28:13). Psalm 126 records the joy and laughter of God’s restored people after the Exile.

Returning to chapter 6, the living LORD God commanded Zechariah to accept Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah’s gifts and make a glorious crown from the silver and gold (see Zechariah 6:11). Some biblical translations say “crowns” (plural) instead of “crown” (singular). In the Hebrew text, the word for “crown” (‘ataroth) is plural. Thus, some biblical scholars have argued that Zechariah envisioned two crowns instead of one. One crown will be placed on Joshua as a representative for the coming Branch (see Zechariah 3:8) and the other crown for Zerubbabel as the earthly builder of the Second Temple (see Zechariah 4:6-9).

Then, the living LORD God commanded Zechariah to place the crown on the head of Joshua (Jeshua), son of Jehozadak, the high priest (Zechariah 6:11; see also Zechariah 3:1, 5). Importantly, the living LORD God instructed Zechariah to announce to Joshua to be alert because he represented and symbolized the Man who will come, whose Name is the “BRANCH” (Zechariah 6:12; see also Isaiah 4:2; Isaiah 11:1-5; Isaiah 42:1; Isaiah 52:13; Isaiah 53:2; Jeremiah 23:5-6; Jeremiah 33:15-16; Ezekiel 17:22-24; Zechariah 3:8). Some biblical translations state: “Behold the Man whose Name is the BRANCH” (e.g., see Zechariah 6:12, King James Version). In the Hebrew text, the prophecy begins “Behold, the Man,” which are the very same Pontius Pilate used to present the Lord Jesus, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, just before His crucifixion for humanities’ sins (e.g., see John 19:5, 14).

Afterward, the BRANCH will shoot or sprout up out of Himself, and He will build the true Temple of the LORD, which is now known as the Church (Zechariah 6:12-13; see also Zechariah 4:6-9; Matthew 16:18; Ephesians 1:20-22; Ephesians 2:19-22; Hebrews 3:3). The central role of the Branch is to rebuild the Temple of the LORD!

The Church is God’s spiritual Temple (e.g., see 1 Corinthians 3:16-17). Believers of Jesus are God’s spiritual Temple with Jesus as the Capstone (e.g., see 1 Corinthians 6:19-20; 2 Corinthians 6:16-17). The Lord Jesus Christ is God’s Temple (some translations say “Tabernacle”) where the living LORD God’s holiness indwells (e.g., see John 1:14; John 2:19-22; John 4:21-24; Hebrews 3:6). The Holy Scriptures instruct believers of Jesus to represent and follow Jesus’ example of holy living and service for others in need (e.g., see Acts 10:38; 1 Peter 2:5, 9-12; Revelation 3:12).

The BRANCH will receive authority, glory, and sovereign power as He rules and reigns as King from His throne as the LORD God’s only begotten Son (Zechariah 6:13; see also e.g., Isaiah 9:6-7; Isaiah 11:10; Isaiah 49:5-6; Jeremiah 23:5-6; Zechariah 9:9; Matthew 2:2; Matthew 27:11, 37; Luke 23:38; John 1:14, 18, 49; John 17:5; Hebrews 2:9). In addition, the BRANCH will also serve and rule as Priest from His throne (Zechariah 6:13; see also Psalm 110:1, 4). There will be perfect peace and harmony between the BRANCH’s two roles as both King and Priest (see Zechariah 6:13). Indeed, the BRANCH will combine the offices of priest and king in one Person forever, in the order of Melchizedek” (Zechariah 6:12-13; see also Zechariah 3:8; Hebrews 3:1).

All nations and peoples of every language will worship the BRANCH as His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and His Kingdom is one that will never be destroyed (e.g., see Daniel 2:44-45; Daniel 7:9-14; Matthew 28:18; Hebrews 1:1-4; Revelation 11:15). Even more, one day EVERYONE will see the BRANCH – Jesus Christ (Messiah) – appear as He comes in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory at His Second Coming (e.g., see Mathew 16:27; Matthew 24:30; Matthew 25:31). Then, at the Name of Jesus, every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confesses that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father (see Philippians 2:10-11).

References to the high priest Joshua also appear throughout the post-exilic books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Haggai along with Zechariah (e.g., see Ezra 2:2; Ezra 3:1-2; Ezra 5:2; Ezra 10:18; Nehemiah 12:1, 8; Haggai 1:1-2, 12; Haggai 2:4; Zechariah 3:1-10; Zechariah 6:9-15). The living LORD God used Joshua along with Zerubbabel to rebuild Jerusalem and the Temple after the Babylonian invasions of the land from 605 BC, then 597 BC, and finally 586 BC (e.g., see 2 Kings 24:8-17; 2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-21; Ezra 3:1-3; Haggai 1:12-15; Haggai 2:4; Jeremiah 52:4-27). Both Joshua and Zerubbabel were instrumental leaders in rebuilding and restoring Judah, Jerusalem, and the Temple after the Exile (e.g., see also Haggai 1:13-15; Zechariah 4:6-10).

Joshua the high priest and all other priests were illustrations and signs of the good things to come (see Zechariah 3:8). Joshua and his fellow priests represented the LORD’s Righteous Servant – the Branch (Semah) whom He would send (Zechariah 3:8; Zechariah 6:12-13; see also Isaiah 4:2; Isaiah 11:1-2; Isaiah 42:1; Isaiah 53:2; Jeremiah 23:5-6; Jeremiah 33:15-16; Ezekiel 17:22-24; Zechariah 6:12). That predicted Branch is the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah, also means the Anointed One) (e.g., see Isaiah 4:2; Acts 4:10-12). The living LORD God (Father) sent His Son Jesus as a Servant, High Priest, and King into the world (e.g., see Matthew 2:2; Mark 10:45; Romans 1:3-4; Hebrews 4:14). Through our REPENTANCE and FAITH in the Lord Jesus Christ’s Name, the living LORD God (Father) removes our sins in a single day and bring our salvation (Zechariah 3:9; see also Hebrews 2:14; 2 Corinthians 5:21).

Many biblical scholars have noted that Zechariah 6:9-15 is the prophet Zechariah’s climactic vision is about the Messiah (Christ), who will reign as both King and Priest in peaceful harmony. The Lord Jesus’s Priesthood belongs to the order of Melchizedek (see Hebrews 5:10). The Lord Jesus became a Priest the living God in the order of Melchizedek (e.g., see Psalm 110:4; Hebrews 7:16-17).

Who is Melchizedek? This mysterious person named Melchizedek is mentioned in only two places in the entire Old Testament — Genesis 14:17-24 and Psalm 110:4. Melchizedek appeared one day in the life of Abraham (then Abram), and Melchizedek worshipped the true and living LORD God. There is no record of Melchizedek’s father or mother or any of his ancestors (see Hebrews 7:3). The book of Hebrews notes that Melchizedek has no beginning nor end to his life (see Hebrews 7:3). The Old Testament teaches that Melchizedek met Abraham (Abram) and blessed him when Abraham was returning home after winning a great battle against the kings (Hebrews 7:1, 6-7; see also Genesis 14:18-20). Abraham took a tenth of all he captured in battle and gave an offering to Melchizedek (see Hebrews 7:2, 4, 6).

Many biblical scholars believe Melchizedek’s kingship and priesthood were a type of Jesus’s Kingship and Priesthood (Hebrews 5:6, 10; see also Hebrews 2:17; Hebrews 6:20; Hebrews 7:3). The book of Hebrews called Melchizedek both king of the Salem (now called Jerusalem) and priest of the God Most High (Hebrews 5:6, 10; see also Genesis 14:18; Psalm 110:4; Hebrews 3:1; Hebrews 7:1, 17). The name Melchizedek means “king of justice,” and king of Salem means “king of peace” (see Hebrews 7:2). Another translation defines Melchizedek as the “king of righteousness” (see Hebrews 7:2, NIV2011). One of the key roles of the coming Davidic King is to do what is just and right throughout the land as the He will be called “The LORD Is Our Righteousness” (e.g., see Isaiah 9:7; Isaiah 11:5; Jeremiah 23:5-6; Jeremiah 33:15-16; Acts 3:14). Importantly, the living LORD God through His prophet Zechariah instructs God’s people to follow the Messiah’s example: to do what is just and right throughout the land and turning from our selfish ways (Zechariah 6:15; see also Micah 6:6-8; Matthew 6:33; Mark 8:34-35). 

Accordingly, Melchizedek becomes a picture of our Lord Jesus who is both Priest and King forever (see Psalm 110:4; Hebrews 6:20). Like Melchizedek, the Lord Jesus is “King of Righteousness” and “King of Peace” (Hebrews 7:2; see also Isaiah 9:6-7; Isaiah 11:5-9). Melchizedek was both a priest and a king – a dual office. Only the Lord Jesus and Melchizedek held BOTH offices of king and priest (e.g., see Isaiah 9:6-7; Isaiah 11:5-9; Zechariah 6:12-13; Matthew 2:2; Matthew 27:11, 37; 1 Timothy 2:5; Hebrews 3:1; Hebrews 4:14-16). Even better, the Lord Jesus is also our great Prophet powerful in both word and deed (e.g., Deuteronomy 18:15, 18; Matthew 21:11; Luke 7:16; Luke 24:19; Hebrews 1:1-3). Therefore, the Lord Jesus holds all three roles – King, Priest, and Prophet. Truly, the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) – who is the Hope of Israel – is our TOTAL LEADER: a PERFECT King governing justly, a PERFECT Prophet revealing God’s truth, and a PERFECT Priest bring God and people together!

Returning to chapter 6, the living LORD God instructed Zechariah to place the [other] crown in the Temple of the LORD as a memorial or reminder to Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah, and Josiah (see Zechariah 6:10, 14). Other translations that accept the singular translation for “crown” says “for now” the crown shall be memorial in the Temple of LORD for Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah, and Josiah.

Finally, the living LORD God announced to Zechariah that people will come from faraway places to pitch in and rebuild the Temple of GOD (Zechariah 6:15; see also Ephesians 2:19).  Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah, who have come from so far away, represented many others who will someday come from distant lands to rebuild the Temple of the LORD (Zechariah 6:15; see also Isaiah 43:6; Isaiah 60:4, 9-10). Some scholars believe these people from faraway places rebuilding the Temple are Gentile Christians who are believers of Jesus the Messiah.

And when this happens, Zechariah will know the messages he has received is from the true and living LORD God (Zechariah 6:15; see also Zechariah 2:9-11; Zechariah 4:9). However, none of these blessings will happen unless Zechariah carefully obeys the voice and commandments of the living LORD God (Zechariah 6:15; see also Deuteronomy 28:1-2; Jeremiah 7:23; Zechariah 3:7). The rebuilding of the Temple required careful obedience. Casual or occasional obedience, the result of a halfhearted or divided commitment to the living LORD God, would not lead to blessing. The living LORD God’s blessings come as a result of diligent obedience and faithfulness to Him and His Word! Just as represented and symbolized the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) we as believers of Jesus represent and symbolize Jesus to the watching world (Zechariah 6:12; see also 2 Corinthians 5:20-21).

The book of Zechariah along with the other Old Testament books – the Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms – all point to the Messiah (Christ) (e.g., see Matthew 1:1, 16-17; Luke 24:27, 44-45; John 1:45; John 5:46).[1] Messiah is a transliteration of Hebrew word meaning, “Anointed One” that was translated into Greek as Christos or English as Christ (e.g., see John 1:41-42; John 4:25-26, 29). Later, the expression “Son of David” was a synonym for “Messiah” (e.g., see Matthew 21:9; Mark 10:47-48).

In the New Testament, the Messiah is “the Christ” (e.g., see Luke 2:10-11)! The essential features of the Old Testament picture of the Messiah are in the Personhood of Jesus. During His public ministry on earth, Jesus accepted and declared He is “the Messiah, the Son of God” (e.g., see Matthew 16:16; Matthew 26:63-64; Mark 14:61; Luke 22:67-70; John 4:25-26; John 9:35-37; Matthew 27:17, 22). Even more, Jesus is the great “I AM” – the LORD God Almighty (Yahweh, Jehovah, El-Shaddai) incarnate (human flesh) (e.g., see Exodus 3:6, 14-15; Exodus 6:2-3; John 6:35; John 8:12, 58; John 9:5; John 10:7, 11, 14; John 11:25; John 14:6; John 15:1, 5). Jesus is One with His Father, the living LORD God Almighty (e.g., see John 10:30). Importantly, Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever (e.g., see Hebrews 1:12; Hebrews 13:8).

References

Amplified Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987).

ESV Study Bible, English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008).

NLT Study Bible (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Pub., 2008).

The Living Bible Paraphrase (Tyndale House, 1971).

Zondervan NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).

Boice, James Montgomery. The Minor Prophets: Volume 2 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2006).

Douglas, J.D. and Tenney, Merrill. NIV Compact Dictionary of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI:  Zondervan, 1989).

Rogland, Max. Haggai and Zechariah 1-8: A Handbook on the Hebrew Text (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016).

---

[1] E.g., see Genesis 3:15; Genesis 12:3; Genesis 22:18; Numbers 21:9; Numbers 24:17; Deuteronomy 18:15; 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Isaiah 7:14; Isaiah 8:8, 10; Isaiah 9:6-7; Isaiah 40:10-11; Isaiah 42:1; Isaiah 52:13-53:12; Jeremiah 23:5-6; Ezekiel 34:23-24; Daniel 7:13-14; Daniel 9:25; Micah 5:2; Zechariah 9:9; Zechariah 12:10; Psalm 2:6-9; Psalm 2:6-9; Psalm 16:10; Psalm 22:1-8; Psalm 34:20; Psalm 41:9; Psalm 69:1-9, 20-21, 26; Psalm 110:1-7; Psalm 118:22-26.

Repentance and Faith

³ Then he (interpreting or messenger) said to me (Zechariah), “This scroll contains the curse that is going out over the entire land. One side of the scroll says that those who steal will be banished from the land; the other side says that those who swear falsely (liars) will be banished from the land. ⁴ And this is what the LORD of Heaven’s Armies says: I am sending this curse into the house of every thief and into the house of everyone who swears falsely using My Name. And My curse will remain in that house and completely destroy it — even its timbers and stones.” Zechariah 5:3-4, New Living Translation 2^nd Edition

In Zechariah chapter 5, the prophet Zechariah is once again visited by a messenger angel from the living LORD God of all the earth (see Zechariah 4:14). Throughout Zechariah’s prophecy, the prophet Zechariah has a series of visions, and the living LORD God sends His messenger angel to Zechariah to explain the meaning of these divine visions (e.g., see Zechariah 1:9, 13-14, 19, 21; Zechariah 2:2-3; Zechariah 3:1; Zechariah 5:5, 10; Zechariah 6:4-6). Zechariah chapter 5 contains two additional divine visions.

In the first vision of chapter 5, the prophet Zechariah looked up and sees a large scroll flying or floating in midair (Zechariah 5:1; see also Revelation 5:1; Revelation 10:2). The messenger angel asked Zechariah, “What do you see?” (Zechariah 5:2; see also Zechariah 4:2). Zechariah informed the messenger angel the flying unrolled scroll appeared to be about thirty feet long and fifteen feet wide (see Zechariah 5:2). Some biblical scholars have noted the heavenly scroll’s size has similar dimensions to the Temple’s porch (e.g., see Exodus 26:15-25; 1 Kings 6:3). Other biblical scholars have noted that the scroll was like a banner for the whole world to see.

Then, the messenger angel informed Zechariah the flying scroll represented the words and warnings of the living LORD God going out over the entire land (Zechariah 5:3; see also Psalm 147:15; Isaiah 55:11). Similarly, the living LORD God of the whole earth instructed His servant Jeremiah to dictate His Word on a scroll to Baruch concerning Israel, Judah, and all the other nations so that each person would turn from their wicked ways, and then He would forgive their wickedness and sins (Jeremiah 36:1-4, 6-8, 10, 14, 17-18, 28-29; see also Matthew 3:2, 8, 10; Matthew 4:17). Also, the prophet Ezekiel received the living LORD God’s Word on a scroll to warn the people to stop their evildoing and rebellion (see Ezekiel 2:4-5, 7-10).

The living LORD God revealed to Zechariah that the world was cursed because the people violated His instructions and commandments; therefore, the people were now subject to His divine wrath, and punishment (Zechariah 5:3; see also e.g., Deuteronomy 28:15; Deuteronomy 29:25-28; Psalm 119:21; Isaiah 24:5-6; Romans 1:18, 28-31). The Holy Scriptures are clear: the living LORD God blesses and gives His life to those who OBEY His good commands, but He curses and gives eternal death to those who disobey His commands (voice) (e.g., see Leviticus 26:14-17; Deuteronomy 11:26-28; Deuteronomy 28:1-68; Deuteronomy 30:15-20; 2 Chronicles 24:20; Jeremiah 7:22-23; Hosea 4:1-3; Zechariah 3:7; Matthew 19:18; Mark 10:17-19; Luke 8:15, 21; Luke 11:28; Luke 18:20; John 15:9-10, 12; Romans 13:9). A call of faithfulness and obedience to the living LORD God and His moral commands are repeated throughout the Holy Scriptures (e.g., Matthew 6:33)!

The vision of Zechariah confirms all who steals and lies will be judged, cursed, and sentenced to death (Zechariah 5:3; see also Exodus 20:7, 15-16; Leviticus 19:11, 13, 18; Psalm 63:11; Revelation 21:8; Revelation 22:15). The living LORD God declares that He is sending this curse into the home of every thief and everyone who swears falsely by His Name (Zechariah 5:4; see also Exodus 20:7; Exodus 22:28; Leviticus 19:11-13; Isaiah 48:1; Matthew 5:33). Moreover, the living LORD God promises His curse and wrath shall remain upon the home of every unrepented thief, deceiver, blasphemer, and liar until their home is destroyed (Zechariah 5:4; see also Proverbs 3:33; Malachi 3:5; Colossians 3:5-6).

The Holy Scriptures are clear: the living LORD God of the whole earth wants EVERYONE to follow His good example and speak the truth and NOT plot evil, steal, defraud, nor speak lies and falsehood because He such behaviors are those of Satan (Zechariah 8:16-17; see also Psalm 15:2; Proverbs 6:16-19; Jeremiah 5:1-3; Ephesians 4:25, 28). Satan and his evil alliances are adulterers, liars, thieves, tempters, murderers, and filled with every trickery and falsehood that leads people astray from the true and living God and His moral commandments (e.g., see Matthew 4:1-2, 10; Matthew 7:15-16, 23; John 10:10; Revelation 12:9; Revelation 19:20; Revelation 20:2-3, 7-8, 10).

Sadly, the judgments and curses of the flying scroll from the living LORD God are upon anyone violates God's commandments specifically by stealing, deceiving, and lying (see Zechariah 5:1-4). As much as everyone likes to focus on God's love and mercy, His anger and judgment are also part of His righteous character (e.g., see Exodus 34:5-7). If one has unconfessed and habitual sin in your life, JESUS calls everyone to REPENT and TURN AWAY from such evils (e.g., see Matthew 4:17; Mark 1:14-15). REPENTANCE and CONFESSION bring God's mercy, restoration, and grace, but refusing to repent invites His curses and wrath (e.g., see Deuteronomy 30:1-3; 1 John 1:9). Yet, the living LORD God gives His eternal life, joy, and blessings to those who obey His commandments (e.g., see Psalm 119:1-2, 35; Matthew 19:16-19).

The living LORD God wants EVERYONE to put off falsehood and speak truthfully to our neighbors, for we are all members of one body (e.g., see Exodus 23:1-3; Deuteronomy 5:20; Zechariah 8:16; Matthew 19:18; Galatians 3:26-29; Ephesians 4:15, 25; Colossians 3:9). Moreover, the living LORD God commands EVERYONE to stop stealing and defrauding others but work, doing something useful with our hands, that we may have something to share with those in need (e.g., see Exodus 23:4; Deuteronomy 5:19; Zechariah 8:17; Ephesians 4:28). Finally, the living LORD God wants NO nasty, angry, and gossipy talk coming out of our mouths, but only what helps encourage and build others up according to their needs, that it may benefit those who listen (e.g., see Ephesians 4:29-31; Colossians 3:8).

Even more, the living LORD God wants EVERYONE to honor, love, and respect Him and His Name – Yahweh (e.g., see Exodus 20:7; Deuteronomy 6:4-6; Matthew 22:37). Curses and divine wrath come to those who misuse, defile, and dishonor the living LORD God and His Name (e.g., see Exodus 20:7; Deuteronomy 5:11; Jeremiah 5:1-3). Importantly, the living LORD God’s Name must ONLY be used in the highest honor, truth, and righteousness and NOT in falsehood, deceit, and lies (e.g., see Isaiah 48:1; Matthew 5:33-37). The Holy Scriptures are clear: NEVER swear falsely by the living LORD God’s Name because such falsehood profanes the Name of God (e.g., Leviticus 19:12; Deuteronomy 5:11). Sadly, the evil one and his evil minions profane the living LORD God’s Name and His commandments (e.g., see Psalm 139:20; John 10:10; Revelation 13:1; Revelation 17:3). 

The living LORD God is holy and good, and He wants ALL PEOPLE – His creation – to reflect His holiness and goodness on the earth (e.g., see Leviticus 11:44-45; Leviticus 19:2; Psalm 119:68; Ephesians 1:4; 1 Thessalonians 4:7; 1 Peter 1:15-16). The living LORD God’s holiness and goodness are reflected in His creation as follows:

·         Honor and respect for one’s mother and father;

·         Never turning to idols or falsehood gods;

·         Caring for the poor and needy;

·         Being humble and not arrogant;

·         Not stealing nor dealing falsely and deceptively with others;

·         Not lying to one another;

·         Never swearing by the living LORD God’s Name falsely;

·         Not defrauding one’s neighbor nor robbing our neighbor;

·         Paying our workers on-time;

·         Not cursing the deaf nor putting a stumbling block before the blind;

·         Doing no injustice in court but being fair to ALL people – the poor and rich alike;

·         Never going around slandering, gossiping, and insulting others;

·         Not hating another in our hearts nor taking vengeance or bearing a grudge against another but loving one another as ourselves;

·         Staying away from greed and envy;

·         NEVER murdering nor harming others;

·         Not committing adultery and fleeing sexual sins;

·         Not eating any flesh with the blood;

·         Never interpreting omens or telling fortunes;

·         Not making any cuts on our bodies for the dead or tattooing ourselves;

·         Keeping the LORD’s Sabbaths and reverencing His sanctuary;

·         NEVER turning to mediums, witches, or necromancers nor seeking out sorcerers, magicians, and wizards;

·         Respecting and honoring the elderly;

·         Never taking bribes and kickbacks;

·         Doing no wrong, harm, nor mistreatment of aliens, strangers living with you in our land but treating aliens and foreigners as a native among you; and

·         Use fair and honest scales, weights, and measures.

(e.g., see Exodus 20:3-23:19; Leviticus 19:3-37; Deuteronomy 5:6-21; Deuteronomy 18:9-13; Deuteronomy 24:19-21; Matthew 22:37-40; Romans 12:19-21; 1 Corinthians 6:9-10; Galatians 5:19-20; Ephesians 5:1-7; Colossians 3:5-9; 1 Timothy 1:8-11; Revelation 21:8; Revelation 22:15).

Next, the messenger angel left Zechariah for a while, but he returned and said to Zechariah, “Lift your eyes, and see what this is that goes forth” Zechariah 5:5, Revised Standard Version). Zechariah could see something traveling through the sky (Zechariah 5:5; see also Zechariah 5:1, 9; Zechariah 6:1). Zechariah asked the messenger angel, “What is it?” (see Zechariah 5:6). The messenger angel informed Zechariah the flying object was a bushel basket (Zechariah 5:6; see also Leviticus 19:36). Some biblical translations refer to the bushel basket in verses 7 through 11 as a measuring basket or an “ephah,” which is 3/5 of a bushel or 22 liters used separate grains all collected together.

Sadly, the bushel basket was filled with the sin or iniquity prevailing everywhere throughout the whole land (see Zechariah 5:6). Some biblical translation said the bushel basket was filled with “an eye” or “an appearance” in all the land. During this time, the people of Israel and Judah – including their leaders, priests, judges, and prophets – were cheating, lying, unjust, violent, and deceptive in their dealings with others, particularly with the poor, widows, and foreigners (e.g., see Isaiah 1:23; Jeremiah 7:2-11; Jeremiah 9:3-6; Ezekiel 22:6-12; Ezekiel 45:9-10; Hosea 12:7; Amos 8:5-6; Micah 6:10-12; Zephaniah 3:1-4). These people had an “appearance” of good on the outside, but inwardly they were hypocrites and filled with greed, wickedness, and bad fruit (e.g., see Matthew 3:7-10; Matthew 7:15-23; Matthew 23:25-28; Mark 14:1, 10-11).

From the beginning, the living LORD God commanded His people to be good, honest, merciful, and fair in ALL dealings with others and NEVER use dishonesty, favoritism, and deceitful standards (e.g., see Genesis 6:9; Genesis 17:1; Exodus 23:2-3, 6-9; Leviticus 19:15, 35; Deuteronomy 16:18-19; Deuteronomy 24:17-18; Deuteronomy 25:13-16; Micah 6:6-8; Matthew 23:23-24; James 2:8-9). The living LORD God wanted His people to be truthful, fair, and honest with one another (e.g., see Leviticus 19:36; Isaiah 1:17; Jeremiah 22:3; Micah 6:6-8). All such trickery, deception, and falsehood against any person – whether rich, poor, young or old – were wicked to the living LORD God (e.g., see Deuteronomy 25:16; Proverbs 11:1).

Next, Zechariah saw a heavy lead covering the bushel basket and the lead was lifted off (see Zechariah 5:7). Zechariah could see a woman sitting inside the basket (see Zechariah 5:7). The messenger angel informed Zechariah the woman is called “wickedness” (Zechariah 5:8; see also Revelation 17:5). Some biblical translations refer to the woman as “lawlessness.” Then, the messenger angel pushed the woman back into the basket and clamped down the heavy lid (see Zechariah 5:8).

Afterward, the prophet Zechariah saw two women flying toward him and the messenger angel (see Zechariah 5:9). The wind was in the two women’s wings, and they had wings like those of a stork (see Zechariah 5:9). The two flying women took the basket with the wicked woman and flew off high into the sky between earth and heaven (see Zechariah 5:9). Zechariah asked the messenger angel where the two flying women were taking the wicked woman (see Zechariah 5:10). The messenger angel announced to Zechariah the two flying women were taking the wicked woman to Babylon (also known as Shinar) (Zechariah 5:11; see also Genesis 11:1-9). In Babylon, the flying woman would build a temple (some translations say house or shrine) for the wicked woman; and when the temple is prepared, the wicked woman will be set there on her own pedestal (see Zechariah 5:11).

In the Holy Scriptures, the ancient city of Babylon along with Assyria is first mentioned in Genesis 10:10-11 as a part of Nimrod’s empire (see Genesis 10:8-12). Nimrod is called “a mighty warrior on the earth” and “a mighty hunter before the LORD” (see Genesis 10:8-9). The famous Tower of Babel was built in Shinar as humanities’ prideful and idolatrous attempt to dethrone the living God (see Genesis 11:1-9). Throughout the Holy Scriptures, Babylon symbolized humanities’ self-reliance and hostility against the living LORD God, concluding in the vivid destruction of Babylon in Revelation chapters 17-18 (see also Jeremiah 50:1-51:64.)

Amazingly, the Apostle John in the book of Revelation has a similar vision of the wicked woman named “Babylon” (see Revelation 17:1-5). The wicked woman committed adultery and murder, spoke against the living LORD God, and she was filled with all kinds of unclean (evil) spirits (see Revelation 17:2-4, 6; Revelation 18:2-3, 9). However, that wicked woman was destroyed by her own evil partners, proving that Satan only comes to kill, steal, and destroy people, even the people that serve him (Revelation 17:16-17; Revelation 18:7-8, 10; 19-20; see also John 10:10). Even more important, Revelation 17 reveals the living LORD God controls evil and will destroy all sins (Revelation 17:17; see also Jeremiah 50:41-42; Jeremiah 51:7-8). Here is the Good News: The Lamb of God triumphed over the wicked woman and her evil alliance (see John 16:33; Revelation 14:8; Revelation 17:14). The Lamb is Lord of lords and King of kings — and with Him will be His called, chosen and faithful followers (Revelation 17:14; see also Matthew 28:18-20; Acts 10:36). 

Some biblical scholars argued this wicked woman in Zechariah’s vision showed that wickedness and evil would not only be punished by the living LORD God (the vision of the flying scroll) but He would also graciously banish and destroy evil from the earth (Zechariah 3:9; Zechariah 5:6-11; see also Hosea 9:15). Other scholars suggest the wicked woman reveal evil being removed from Israel and Judah and taken to Babylon – the land of idolatry (e.g., see Daniel 1:2). The land of Babylonia (which is now modern-day Iran and Iraq) had become a symbol for the center of world idolatry and wickedness.

The Holy Scriptures are clear: the living LORD God will one day remove ALL sin and wickedness from the entire earth, and there will be a new heaven and new earth (e.g., see Revelation 21:1-22:5, 14-15). At His first coming, the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) died on Calvary’s Cross as the Lamb of God to forgive our sins and remove sin’s power and penalty through faith in Him (e.g., see Matthew 26:27-28; John 1:29, 36; Romans 3:21-26; Romans 5:6-8; Revelation 5:4-14). When the Lord Jesus Christ returns, He will finally remove ALL sin from the earth!  

Afterward, the prophet Zechariah sees another vision. Zechariah looked up again and saw four chariots coming from between what looked like two immovable mountains made of brass or bronze (Zechariah 6:1; see also 2 Kings 2:11-12). Red horses pulled the first chariot (Zechariah 6:2; see also Zechariah 1:8; Revelation 6:4).  Black horses pulled the second chariot (Zechariah 6:2; see also Revelation 6:5-6). White horses pulled the third chariot (Zechariah 6:2; see also Revelation 1:8). Significantly, in the book of Revelation, the Rider of the white horse held a bow (see Revelation 6:1-2). Moreover, the Rider of the white horse was given a crown, and He rode out as a Conqueror bent on conquest (Zechariah 6:11-12; see also Revelation 6:2; Revelation 14:14; Revelation 19:11-16). Strong dappled-gray horses pulled the fourth and final chariot (Zechariah 6:3; see also Revelation 6:8).

Then, Zechariah asked the messenger angel the meaning of these four chariots (Zechariah 6:4; see also Zechariah 1:9). The messenger angel informed Zechariah these four horsemen are the four spirits or winds of heaven who stand before the living LORD God of all the earth, and they go out to do His work (Zechariah 6:5; see also Psalm 104:4; Ezekiel 37:9; Daniel 7:2; Matthew 24:31; Revelation 7:1-3). The living LORD God is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient, and He ranges and patrols throughout His earth by His gracious Spirit (Zechariah 1:8-10; see also e.g., 2 Chronicles 16:9; Psalm 33:13-15, 18; Psalm 34:15; Proverbs 15:3; Jeremiah 16:17; 1 Peter 3:12). Zechariah’s vision assures us that the living LORD God is in control!

Subsequently in Zechariah’s vision, the chariots went in three different directions. The chariot pulled by the black horses went toward the northern country (see Zechariah 6:6, 8). The chariot pulled by white horses went west, while the dappled-gray horses went south (Zechariah 6:6; see also Zechariah 9:14). The powerful and strong horses were eager to set out, and the living LORD God sent the horses to patrol the whole earth (Zechariah 6:7; see also Zechariah 1:10). Significantly, the LORD summoned Zechariah and said, “Look, those going toward the north country have given My Spirit rest in the land of the north” (see Zechariah 6:8, New International Version).

The Holy Scriptures speak of the living LORD God’s angels as spirits or winds that represent the living LORD God’s Presence and control in the world (Zechariah 6:5; see also Ezekiel 37:9; Matthew 24:31; Revelation 7:1). These angels or winds are servants of the living LORD God of all the earth, and they stand in His very Presence (e.g., see 1 Kings 22:19; Job 1:6; Psalm 103:21; Psalm 104:4; Matthew 18:10; Luke 1:19; Hebrews 1:7). Moreover, the living LORD God sends His angelic army as ministering spirits to serve and protect those who will inherit His salvation (e.g., see Psalm 34:7; Psalm 68:17; Psalm 91:11; Hebrews 1:14). The angels of the living LORD God are tens of thousands and thousands of thousands (e.g., see Psalm 68:17; Daniel 7:10; Hebrews 12:22; Revelation 5:11). This angelic fiery and whirlwind army is referenced during such places as Elijah’s departure to heaven and again protecting Elisha from the Syrian army (e.g., see 2 Kings 2:11-12; 2 Kings 6:17). The Good News is that believers can enter the very Presence of the living LORD God through our great High Priest, the Lord Jesus Christ (see Hebrews 4:14-16).

Even more, the vision of the four horsemen was like the four horsemen in chapter one (see Zechariah 1:8-12). In the opening chapters, Zechariah had a vision of the Angel of the LORD leading a heavenly army or cavalry astride red, brown, and white horses, and this heavenly army patrolled and walked the earth for the LORD God (Zechariah 1:8-12; see also Zechariah 6:2-8). Incredibly, the book of Revelation also references these heavenly horsemen (see Revelation 6:2-8). The Holy Scriptures speak of the living LORD God as “the LORD of Hosts” because He is the Leader of His powerful angelic army or heavenly court that patrols throughout His earth and carries out His orders (Zechariah 6:2-8; see also e.g., Deuteronomy 33:2; 1 Kings 22:19; Job 1:6-7; Job 2:1-2; Daniel 7:9-10).

Some biblical scholars argue the flying scroll from Zechariah 5 represents the Law of God that brings a curse on all who disobeys His Law (e.g., see Deuteronomy 27:26; Galatians 3:10; James 2:10). However, the living LORD God graciously and lovely gave His only begotten Son Jesus Christ to redeem, adopt, and save us from the curse of the Law by becoming the curse for us on Calvary’s Cross – Good Friday (e.g., see Deuteronomy 21:23; Acts 5:29-30; Romans 3:24-25; Romans 5:6-11; Galatians 3:13; Galatians 4:4-7). Because of Jesus’ sacrifice, His Father – the living LORD God – exalted His Son Jesus to sit at His right hand as Prince and Savior that He (Jesus) might bring salvation and forgiveness of sins through REPENTANCE and FAITH in Him (Jesus) (e.g., see Matthew 1:21; Mark 1:4; Luke 2:10-11; Luke 24:47; Acts 2:38; Acts 3:19; Acts 5:31-32; Acts 10:43). Through faith in Jesus, the living LORD God forgives ALL our sins (e.g., see Acts 13:38; 1 Thessalonians 5:9). The living LORD God graciously forgives our sins, which brings His wrath and curses, when we turned to His Son Jesus for forgiveness of sins (e.g., see 1 John 2:12). Through His gracious forgiveness, the Lord Jesus commands us to sin no more and walk in the Light (John 5:14; John 8:11; see also Romans 6:13-14; 1 Thessalonians 5:5-8)! Our continued sins will lead to death and the living LORD God’s wrath and vengeance (e.g., see Romans 6:23; Jude 14-15). The Lord Jesus bore our sins in His body on Calvary’s Cross, so that we might die to darkness and sin and live righteous, holy, and good lives for God’s glory, while NEVER harming or hurting others (e.g., see Ecclesiastes 3:12; Romans 6:2, 19, 22; Romans 12:19-21; 1 Thessalonians 4:3, 9-10; 1 Thessalonians 5:15; 1 Peter 2:24-25). Through our faith in Jesus, we are all children of God and all one in Christ Jesus (e.g., see John 1:12-13; Galatians 3:26-29).

Now that we have forgiven of our sins through faith in Jesus, many will ask what about the Law! Everyone who BELIEVES IN JESUS is declared right (justification) by His Father, the living LORD God — something the Law of Moses could never do (e.g., see Acts 13:39; Romans 3:20-22, 28; Romans 8:3-4; Galatians 2:16). However, the Law of God reveals and teaches what is sin and wickedness (e.g., see Romans 3:20; Romans 7:7; 2 Peter 2:19). Even more, we receive life through our obedience to the Law, which are summarized in the Ten Commandments and explained in the Book of the Covenant (see Exodus 20:1-23:19; Ecclesiastes 12:13-14; Matthew 19:17-19; Matthew 23:1-3; Mark 10:17-19; Luke 8:15, 21; Luke 11:28; Luke 18:19-20; John 15:9-10, 12; Romans 13:9). The Law of God is good and holy (e.g., see Romans 7:12, 16; 1 Timothy 1:8-9). All the Law and the Prophets are summed up by Jesus: LOVE GOD AND LOVE ANOTHER (e.g., see Matthew 7:12; Matthew 22:34-40; John 13:34-35; John 15:9-10, 17; James 2:8). For clarity, in the New Testament the Jewish people also had another set of rules – the laws and traditions of the elders that were NOT biblical and Jesus condemned obedience to these man-made or human rules, rituals, and ceremonies – legalism while neglecting the commandments of God (Matthew 15:2, 8-9; Mark 7:3, 5-9, 13; see also Isaiah 29:13; Galatians 1:14; Colossians 2:8, 20-23).

References

Amplified Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987).

ESV Study Bible, English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008).

NLT Study Bible (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Pub., 2008).

The Living Bible Paraphrase (Tyndale House, 1971).

Zondervan NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).

Wiersbe, Warren W. Bible Exposition Commentary – Old Testament (Victor Books, 1989).

By God’s Gracious Spirit

⁵ Then the (interpreting or messenger) angel who talked with me (Zechariah) answered and said to me, “Do you not know what these are?” I said, “No, my lord.” ⁶ Then he (interpreting or guiding angel) said to me (Zechariah), “This is the word of the LORD to Zerubbabel: Not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the LORD of Hosts. ⁷ Who are you, O great mountain (obstacle)? Before Zerubbabel you shall become a plain (molehill, flat land). And he shall bring forward the top stone amid shouts of ‘Grace, grace to it!’”  Zechariah 4:5-7, English Standard Version

In the opening verses of chapter 4, Zechariah is once again accompanied by a messenger or interpreting angel (see Zechariah 4:1, 4-5, 10-13). Throughout Zechariah’s prophecy, a messenger or interpreting angel walked with the prophet and reviewed Zechariah’s understanding and explained his many night visions from the living LORD God (e.g., see Zechariah 1:9, 13-14, 19, 21; Zechariah 2:2-3; Zechariah 3:1; Zechariah 5:5, 10; Zechariah 6:4-6).

Now in chapter 4, the prophet Zechariah is given another night vision involving Zerubbabel, the governor of Judah. Zerubbabel along with Joshua, the high priest, led the Jewish people returning from Exile into Palestine (Promised Land) in 538 BC through King Cyrus pronouncement. The Old Testament post-exilic books of Ezra, Nehemiah, Haggai and long with Zechariah tells of God’s people under the leadership of Zerubbabel and Joshua returning to Palestine to rebuild Jerusalem and the LORD God’s Temple (e.g., see Ezra 1:1-5; Ezra 2:1-2; Ezra 3:1-2; Ezra 5:2; Nehemiah 7:7; Nehemiah 12:1; Haggai 1:1; Haggai 2:2).

According to Ezra 3, Zerubbabel and Joshua along with their fellow Jews rebuilt the altar and laid the foundation of the Temple (see Ezra 3:1-3). However, the returning Jews halted and stopped the rebuilding of Jerusalem and the Temple because of discouragement, enemy opposition, and even government opposition (e.g., see Ezra 4:1-6, 23-24). Ezra chapter 4 described three different strategies evil people used to hinder God’s people rebuilding Jerusalem and the Temple. First, these evil workers offered help to God’s people either to compromise or even a complete take over of the rebuilding (see Ezra 4:1-3). Second, the evil workers tried to discourage, frighten, and frustrate God’s people (see Ezra 4:4-5). Finally, Satan’s evil workers used official governmental powers to force God’s people to stop rebuilding God’s Temple (see Ezra 4:23-24). Even worse, the returning Jews succumbed to Satan’s evil tactics and began devoting their time and strength on their homes, luxuries, and comforts first and ignored the LORD God’s Temple (e.g., see Haggai 1:3-4).

For nearly 20 years, the Temple and Jerusalem laid in ruins! Because God’s people ignored Jerusalem and the living LORD God’s house – the Temple, the people experienced scarcity and could not meet their basic needs despite their hard work and labor. God’s people were working hard, but the living LORD God did not bless their efforts because they ignored living LORD God’s House FIRST (e.g., see Haggai 1:5-6, 9-11; Haggai 2:14-17)! The people worked hard; however, their crops failed, and their money disappeared as soon as they earned money because they had the WRONG priorities. The people needed to place GOD FIRST by rebuilding the Temple (see Haggai 1:2, 4, 8-9)! The Temple symbolized the living LORD God’s Presence (Name) and His honor (Ezra 6:12; see also Exodus 20:24; Exodus 25:21-22; Exodus 40:34-38; 1 Kings 8:12-13, 27-30).

Then in approximately 520 BC during Darius of Persia’s reign, the living and sovereign LORD God raised up His prophets, Haggai and Zechariah to support and encourage Zerubbabel, Joshua, and God’s people to be STRONG and FINISH the work of rebuilding Jerusalem and the LORD God’s Temple (see Ezra 5:1-2; Ezra 6:1-14; Haggai 1:1-2, 7-8, 12-15; Haggai 2:1-2, 4-5; Zechariah 1:1, 7; Zechariah 4:6-10; Zechariah 8:9-11). These two prophets invigorated God’s people to be strong, courageous, and finish the living LORD God’s Temple under Zerubbabel and Joshua’s leadership because the living and true LORD God by His Spirit would be with them and never forsake them (Haggai 1:14-15; Zechariah 1:1, 7; Zechariah 8:9, 12-13; see also Deuteronomy 31:6). The prophets Haggai and Zechariah assured God’s people the living LORD God’s Presence and Power were with them through His Spirit to strengthen them to finish rebuilding Jerusalem and His Temple (Haggai 1:13; Haggai 2:4-5; Zechariah 4:6-10; see Genesis 26:3; Matthew 1:23; Matthew 28:20). Moreover, Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the people to TRUST and HONOR the living LORD God, live MORAL LIVES, and place Him FIRST in their lives and hearts (see Haggai 2:10-17; Zechariah 7:8-10). If the people honored the living LORD God and lived moral (righteous lives), the LORD promised to bless His people with His PRESENCE and grace (Haggai 1:7-8; see also 1 Chronicles 28:9-10; Matthew 6:33). Because the people listened to the prophets Haggai and Zechariah and rebuilt the Temple, the people began to prosper and become successful (see Ezra 6:14). Even more important, the prophets Haggai and Zechariah knew the coming blessings of Jesus the Messiah (also known as Christ, the Anointed One, and the Desire of All Nations) would walk Jerusalem and fill this rebuilt Temple with God’s glory (Haggai 2:6-9; Zechariah 9:9-10; see also Luke 2:32; John 1:9, 14, 16).

This Temple (also called the Second Temple) was fully completed and dedicated on March 12, 515 BC, and the people celebrated the completion with joy (see Ezra 6:15-16). Thus, the Second Temple was finished approximately seventy (70) years after the Babylonian destruction in 586 BC. Herod the Great later remodeled and expanded the Temple at the time of the Lord Jesus Christ. This Second Temple stood for approximately 585 years until the Roman Army under Titus destroyed the Temple in AD 70, thereby ending the Jewish sacrificial system.[1]

As previously mentioned, the living LORD God was previously angry with His people and hid His Presence and goodness because of their many sins, evil deeds, and wickedness (e.g., Isaiah 1:15; Isaiah 5:7-8; Isaiah 57:17). Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem were filled with murder, rebellion, thief, adultery, bribery, prostitution, witchcraft, drinking, pride, greed, idolatry, unfaithfulness, and lies as well as mistreatment of aliens, widows, and the poor (e.g., see 2 Kings 17:7-23; Isaiah 1:21-23; Isaiah 5:11-12, 20-23;  Hosea 1:2; Habakkuk 1:2-4; Zephaniah 1:4-6). Even worse, the religious leaders and judges were corrupted, disregarded God’s instructions, and only sought personal gain for themselves (e.g., see Zephaniah 3:1-4, 7).

For a moment, the living LORD God turned away from His people – the Jews – because of their wickedness and rebellion but now the prophet Zechariah revealed the living LORD God was returning to Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem with His grace, mercy, and Presence (Zechariah 1:3, 5-6, 16; Zechariah 2:5, 8, 10-12; see also Isaiah 47:6; Isaiah 54:7-8). The living LORD God informed His holy prophet Jeremiah that He would again return to His people after seventy (70) years of judgment (Exile) from His Promised Land with peace and overflowing prosperity (Jeremiah 25:11-12; Jeremiah 29:10-14; see also Isaiah 57:18-20; Daniel 9:2-3).

During the seventy years of Exile, God’s people realized their rebellion, repented and confessed their sins and evil against the living LORD God and His covenant (Zechariah 1:6; see also e.g., Lamentations 2:17; Daniel 9:4-24). The living LORD God heard His people’s genuine and wholehearted prayers of repentance and forgave their sins (Zechariah 1:3, 6, 12; see also 2 Chronicles 7:14; Psalm 32:5-7; Psalm 51:1-4; Proverbs 28:13). Psalm 126 records the joy and laughter of God’s restored people after the Exile. The Holy Scriptures are clear: the living LORD God promises that when we wholeheartedly return to Him with repentance and faith, He returns to us with His healing, peace, blessings, and full restoration (e.g., see Hosea 6:1; Matthew 4:17, 23-25; John 16:33; Philippians 4:4-7).

In Zechariah chapter 4, the prophet Zechariah receives another message from the living LORD God to this time give to Zerubbabel. In chapter 3, Zechariah’s prophetic message focused on Joshua the high priest and the living LORD God’s forgiveness of His people’s sins through repentance and obedience to Him (Zechariah 3:1-7; see also Zechariah 1:3-6). Now, the living LORD God needed to encourage and strength His servant Zerubbabel to lead His people.

Zerubbabel was significant because he was a chosen servant of the living LORD God (e.g., see Haggai 2:23). Significantly, Zerubbabel was the grandson of King Jehoiachin, who was a descendant of King David of Judah (see 2 Kings 24:10-17; 2 Kings 25:27-30). When the Jews returned to Palestine from Exile, they were now ruled by the Persian foreign government, and they were very few with no king and no military army (e.g., see Ezra 1:1-5). The beautiful Temple built by King Solomon laid in ruins and Jerusalem was destroyed (e.g., see 2 Kings 25:1-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-20; Jeremiah 39:1-10; Jeremiah 52:4-27). Sadly, God’s people felt the LORD God’s wrath after years of unfaithfulness, rebellion, and disobedience against the living LORD God and His righteous commands. The living LORD God punished and scattered Israel and Judah for their disobedience, sinfulness, and selfishness (Zechariah 1:5-6, 21; Zechariah 2:6; Zechariah 7:11-14; Zechariah 8:14; see also Leviticus 26:33; Deuteronomy 28:36-42; 2 Kings 17:13-15; 2 Chronicles 36:15-21; Jeremiah 35:15). Nevertheless, the living LORD God still LOVED His people and NEVER rejected Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem (Zechariah 1:14, 16; Zechariah 8:1-3; e.g., see Leviticus 26:44-45; Ezekiel 11:16). Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem continued to be the apple of the living LORD God’s eye (Zechariah 2:8; see also Deuteronomy 32:10). Moreover, the living LORD God was faithful to His promises, and He preserved King David’s family line with Zerubbabel (e.g., see 2 Samuel 7:12-16). Zerubbabel was a Davidic prince and listed as a descendant of the Lord Jesus Christ, who is the son of David and King of kings forever (see Matthew 1:1, 6, 12-13, 17; Luke 1:32-33; Luke 3:27). Some biblical scholars see Zechariah’s vision of the olive trees and lampstand a symbol of the living LORD God’s watchfulness and power to fulfill His promise to David’s house, presented by Zerubbabel.

Here is the GOOD NEWS: all believers in the Lord Jesus Christ has been unity and grafted into the people of the living LORD God (the Jews) and receive all His spiritual blessings, mercy, and grace as joint heirs with His Son, Jesus – the Head of the church (e.g., see John 1:12-13; John 3:3-8; Acts 11:14-17; Galatians 4:4-6; Ephesians 1:22-23; Ephesians 2:11-22). Through faith in Christ Jesus our Lord, Jews and Gentiles alike are all children (family) of God and Abraham’s seed (e.g., see Genesis 12:1-3, 7; Romans 10:12-13; Galatians 3:26-29; Ephesians 3:6, 12, 15). The living LORD God adopts believers in His Son Jesus into His family and gives believers His inheritance – the Spirit of the living God (e.g., see Ephesians 1:5, 11-14; 1 John 5:1).

In chapter 4, the messenger angel once again awakens Zechariah as though Zechariah had been in a deep sleep (Zechariah 4:1; see also 1 Kings 19:5-7). Similarly, seeing divine visions, including the living LORD God and understanding their meanings made the prophet Daniel weary and sleepy strength (e.g., see Daniel 7:9-10, 13-14; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 10:8-10, 15-19).

The messenger angel asked Zechariah, “What do you see now?” (Zechariah 4:2; see also Jeremiah 1:13; Jeremiah 24:3; Zechariah 5:2). Zechariah answered the messenger angel, “I see a gold lampstand holding seven lamps, and at the top there is a reservoir for the olive oil that feeds the lamps, flowing into them through seven tubes” (see Zechariah 4:2; The Living Bible Translation). Then, the prophet Zechariah also informed the messenger angel that he sees, “two olive trees carved upon the lampstand, one on each side of the reservoir” (see Zechariah 4:3, The Living Bible Translation).

Some biblical scholars believe Zechariah’s vision of the golden lampstand means the living LORD God’s Presence, glory, and watchfulness were returning to Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem to reveal His good light (Zechariah 2:5; see also Isaiah 10:17; John 8:12; 1 Timothy 6:16; 1 John 1:5, 7). In the opening chapters of Zechariah, the prophet sees the Angel of the LORD and heavenly army patrolling the earth for the living LORD God (see Zechariah 1:8, 10-11; see also Zechariah 6:2-8). The living LORD God announced to Zechariah that He was returning to Israel, Judah, and Jerusalem with His grace, mercy, and blessings because of His people’s repentance and obedience (see Zechariah 1:3-6, 12-13, 16-17; Zechariah 2:5, 10-13). Significantly, the golden lampstand in the books of Exodus and Revelation stood for the Presence, revelation, and goodness of the LORD with His repentant and faithful people (e.g., see Exodus 25:31-40; Exodus 37:17-24; Revelation 1:12-13, 20; Revelation 2:1, 5; Revelation 4:5). Even more, the living LORD God commands His faithful people  to shine as His light in a dark world through their good deeds and moral excellence for His glory and honor (e.g., see Isaiah 60:1-3; Isaiah 62:1; Daniel 12:3; Matthew 5:14-16; Luke 12:35-37; 1 Corinthians 10:31; Ephesians 2:10; Philippians 2:12, 15).

Then, Zechariah asked the messenger the meaning of the gold lampstand, the seven lamps, and the two olive trees (see Zechariah 4:4).  The messenger angel asked Zechariah why he does not know the meaning of the gold lampstand, the seven lamps, and the two olive trees (see Zechariah 4:5, 12). Then, the messenger angel informed the prophet Zechariah, “This is God’s message to Zerubbabel: ‘Not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the Lord Almighty — you will succeed because of My Spirit, though you are few and weak’” (see Zechariah 4:6; The Living Bible Translation). Zechariah along with Haggai received the prophetic message from the living LORD God that the rebuilding of the Temple is charged to Zerubbabel and Joshua and will occur by His powerful outpouring of the Spirit and not by human resources of might and power (see also Haggai 1:13-15; Haggai 2:4-5)! Essentially, Zechariah chapter 4 teaches that the living LORD God empowers His faithful people for His service (see Zechariah 4:1-14).

The living LORD God Almighty assured Zerubbabel that he would not succeed by his strength or power, but by His mighty and unending Holy Spirit flowing through his hands and efforts (Zechariah 4:6; see also Deuteronomy 8:18; 1 Chronicles 29:12; Haggai 2:4-5). The Holy Scriptures are clear: no one wins and builds by one’s strength and army, but by PATIENT and HUMBLE TRUST and OBEDIENCE in the true and living LORD God of heaven (e.g., see 1 Samuel 2:9; 1 Samuel 17:47; Psalm 33:16-22; Psalm 127:1; Zephaniah 2:3). The living LORD God wanted Zerubbabel and the people to have FAITH in Him and rely on His GREAT POWER to rebuild the Temple (e.g., see also Habakkuk 2:2-4; 2 Corinthians 5:7). Even though Zerubbabel and the returning Jews appeared weak and few, they were POWERFUL and STRONG because the living LORD God by His Spirit was with them (e.g., see also 2 Corinthians 12:9-10). The Spirit of God would empower and strengthen Zerubbabel and God’s people! Like the prophet Zechariah, the prophet Haggai encouraged Zerubbabel, Joshua, and God’s people NOT TO FEAR but to be STRONG and WORK rebuilding Jerusalem and His Temple because the LORD God and His powerful Spirit would be present working within their hands and efforts (Haggai 1:13-15: Haggai 2:1-2, 4-5; see also Joshua 1:6-9; 1 Chronicles 28:10, 20; Zechariah 4:6-7; Zechariah 8:9, 13, 15).

Similarly, the living LORD God through His servant Moses encouraged Joshua and God’s people, the ancient Israelites, to be STRONG and COURAGEOUS and NOT AFRAID nor TERRIFIED because His Presence (Spirit) would go and be with them to defeat any enemy attacks (Exodus 33:14-17; Deuteronomy 1:29-30; Deuteronomy 31:6, 23; see also Joshua 1:6-7; Joshua 10:25; 1 Chronicles 22:13). For the LORD God is a GREAT, POWERFUL, and AWESOME GOD, and He is the One who goes with His faithful and obedient people to fight their battles, build houses, and give them victory (e.g., see Exodus 14:14; Deuteronomy 20:1-4; 2 Samuel 5:10-11; 1 Chronicles 5:22; 2 Chronicles 20:14-22; 2 Chronicles 32:7-8; Nehemiah 4:20; Acts 7:9). The living LORD God will NEVER leave or forsakes His obedient and faithful people (e.g., see Joshua 1:5; Isaiah 41:10, 13; Hebrews 13:5-6). Truly, if God is for you, who can ever be against you to defeat you (e.g., see Exodus 3:2; Exodus 14:22; Numbers 14:9; 2 Kings 6:16; Psalm 118:6; Isaiah 41:10; Romans 8:31; 1 John 4:4). The living LORD God is the GREATER POWER (e.g., see 2 Chronicles 32:7-8).

Even more, the Apostle Paul gave the same message to believers to Jesus: “be strong in the Lord and in His mighty power (e.g., see 1 Corinthians 16:13; Ephesians 1:19; Ephesians 6:10; 2 Timothy 2:1). The living and true LORD God our Father has blessed all faithful and obedient believers united to His Son the Lord Jesus Christ by faith with every spiritual blessing, peace, wisdom, understanding, and grace (e.g., see Ephesians 1:3, 6-8). Furthermore, the living LORD God has not given obedient believers of Jesus a spirit of fear, cowardness, and timidity, but He has given faithful believers of Jesus through His Holy Spirit love, wisdom, peace, understanding, and most important His power (e.g., see Isaiah 11:2; John 14:1, 15-20, 27; Acts 1:8; Romans 8:15-17; 1 Corinthians 1:30; Ephesians 1:17-19; 2 Timothy 1:7). The living LORD God’s gracious Spirit works within faithful believers of Jesus to give them great and immeasurable power (e.g., see Acts 4:33; Ephesians 1:19; Ephesians 3:7; Colossians 1:29). Importantly, the living LORD God’s power is the SAME POWER that raised His Son Jesus from death in the grave and seated Him in the place of honor at His right hand in the heavenly realms (e.g., see Ephesians 1:19-20).

The Lord Jesus knew God’s people would face oppositions and other attacks from Satan and his evil minions in this world (e.g., see 1 Thessalonians 2:3). However, the Lord Jesus instructed believers to CELEBRATE because He has already defeated Satan and his evil minions through faith in Him and gives believers His spiritual power (e.g., see John 16:33; 1 John 4:4; 1 John 5:4-5). Therefore, the Holy Scriptures reminds believers that we can do all things through the Lord Jesus that strengthens our inner beings by His power (e.g., see Ephesians 3:16; Philippians 4:13).

Moreover, the living LORD God promised Zerubbabel and His people that no big and mighty mountain nor human obstacle could stop them from rebuilding Jerusalem and His Temple to set the Cornerstone in place (see Zechariah 4:7). The messenger angel knew the Messiah – who is also called the Cornerstone (Capstone) and Righteous Servant-Branch – would be coming soon with God’s grace and blessings into this Temple (Haggai 2:6-9; Zechariah 3:8-9; see also Isaiah 4:2; Isaiah 49:3; John 1:14, 16).

Therefore, the living LORD informed Zechariah to tell the people that any mountain or human obstacle will become a mere molehill and a plain (Zechariah 4:7; see also Isaiah 40:4). The living LORD God wanted Zerubbabel, Joshua, and His people to have FAITH in Him because NOTHING will be impossible if they have FAITH in Him (e.g., see Matthew 17:20-21; Matthew 21:21-22; Mark 9:23). Faith in the living LORD God empowers His people by His Spirit to overcome seemingly impossible obstacles – whether political, practical, or demonic powers! In fact, the living LORD God is so strong He can move and level any mountain (e.g., see Isaiah 40:4). NOTHING is too hard for God (e.g., see Jeremiah 32:17, 27). All these blessings will come to Zerubbabel, Joshua, and God’s people by the living LORD God’s gracious Spirit and mercy alone (Zechariah 4:7; see also Zechariah 3:9).

The Holy Scriptures are clear: God’s gracious Spirit works through His people accomplishes what appears to be an impossible mission! The small Jewish community returning from Babylonian Exile did not think they had resources and strength to complete the rebuilding of God’s Temple. The prophets Zechariah and Haggai encouraged Zerubbabel, Joshua, and the people that they did not need to worry about financial resources, political conditions, or lack of workers. God’s mighty Spirit would supply all their needs! The Holy Spirit is the power source for all people on mission for the living LORD God (e.g., see Haggai 2:4-5; Zechariah 4:6)!

Then, the prophet Zechariah received another divine message from the living LORD God saying:

⁹ “Zerubbabel laid the foundation of this Temple, and he will complete it. Then you will know these messages are from God, the Lord Almighty. ¹⁰ Do not despise this small beginning, for the eyes of the LORD rejoice to see the work begin, to see the plumbline in the hand of Zerubbabel. For these seven lamps represent the eyes of the LORD that see everywhere around the world.” Zechariah 4:8-10, The Living Bible Translation

The living LORD God promised Zechariah that Zerubbabel’s hands started rebuilding the new Temple, and his hands will complete the restoration of the new Temple (Zechariah 4:6, 8-9; see also 1 Chronicles 28:20; Ezra 3:8-11; Zechariah 1:16-17; Zechariah 6:12). This promise reminds believers of the living LORD God's promise in Philippians 1:6, “Being confident of this very thing, that He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ” (see Philippians 1:6, NKJV). Then, Zerubbabel will know that the living LORD God Almighty has sent His angel (messenger) to Zerubbabel (Zechariah 4:9; see also Zechariah 2:7-9). Zerubbabel is God’s anointed, and he would be descendant of the Cornerstone and Branch – the Lord Jesus Christ (Zechariah 4:7; Zechariah 6:12-15 Zechariah 10:4; see also Psalm 118:22; Daniel 2:43-45; Matthew 21:42-44; Mark 12:10-11; Luke 20:17-18; Acts 4:11).

Then the LORD informed Zechariah to NEVER despises the day of small things nor small beginnings as unimportant (Zechariah 4:10; see also Haggai 2:3-4; Matthew 13:31-32). Some of the people were saddened when the Temple’s foundation was laid and while the Temple was under construction (see Ezra 3:10-13; Haggai 2:3). Although the new Temple seemed small in comparison to King Solomon’s Temple, this new Temple will be filled with the living LORD God’s glory – His Son, the Lord Jesus Christ (Messiah) (see Ezra 3:12; Haggai 2:3, 6-7). The LORD assured Zechariah that everyone would rejoice and shout “Grace, Grace” when they see what some biblical translations call the “plummet stone” or “the chosen Capstone” in Zerubbabel’s hands to rebuild and complete the Temple by His Spirit (Zechariah 4:10; see also Zechariah 1:16-17). The living LORD God’s gracious and powerful Spirit working within Zerubbabel and the people’s hands will bring success, completion, and victory! Similarly, the church began with 120 people and today ministers around the world (see Acts 1:15). NOTHING is too small when the living LORD God is the Builder!

Going back to the vision, the interpreting angel informed Zechariah that the seven lamps (or seven facets) in Zerubbabel’s hand represent the seven eyes or the sevenfold Holy Spirit of the living LORD God, which ranges and sees across the whole earth (Zechariah 4:10; see also Zechariah 3:9; Revelation 1:4; Revelation 3:1; Revelation 5:6; Revelation 8:2). While Zerubbabel and the people were working, the eyes of the LORD were watching over His people and monitoring the work. The living LORD God is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient. The eyes of the living LORD God range and patrol throughout the earth to strengthen, support, and protect by His gracious Spirit those whose hearts and minds are fully committed and dependent upon Him (Zechariah 1:8-10; see also e.g.; 2 Chronicles 16:9; Psalm 33:13-15, 18; Psalm 34:15; Proverbs 15:3; Jeremiah 16:17; 1 Peter 3:12). The living LORD God gives His grace and honor to those who walk blamelessly and trust in Him (see also 1 Samuel 2:9; Psalm 84:11-12).

Then the prophet Zechariah asked the interpreting angel about the two olive trees on the right and the left of the lampstand and about the two olive branches that emptied golden oil into gold bowls through two gold tubes or pipes (Zechariah 4:3, 11-12; see also Revelation 11:4). Zechariah informed the interpreting angel he did not understand the meaning of these heavenly objects (see Zechariah 4:5, 13). The interpreting angel informed Zechariah these heavenly objects represented or symbolize the two anointed ones of new oil appointed to serve the living LORD God of all the earth (see Zechariah 4:14). Some biblical translations state these two anointed ones are the two sons of oil who stand before the living LORD God of the whole earth as His anointed instruments.

For centuries, biblical scholars have debated the meaning of the two anointed ones in Zechariah’s vision (see Zechariah 4:3, 11-12, 14). Some biblical scholars believe these two anointed ones in Zechariah’s vision are “the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the God of the earth,” and this prophecy will be fulfilled in the last days of the present age (see Revelation 11:4). However, other biblical scholars argue the two anointed ones who stand by the LORD of the whole earth are Joshua the high priest and Zerubbabel the prince of Judah. The combination of Joshua the high priest and Zerubbabel the prince of Judah points ultimately to Jesus, who is the Messianic Priest-King anointed by the living and true LORD God for His service (see also Exodus 29:1, 7; Exodus 40:15; Psalm 110:1-4; Zechariah 6:12-13; Hebrews 7:11, 15, 21; Revelation 1:5).

Whoever the anointed ones are, most biblical scholars agree the oil used in Zechariah’s vision symbolizes the abundant and gracious Holy Spirit who empowers, protects, equips, and strengthens the witnesses (see Zechariah 4:6). Divine grace is an immeasurable power which undergirds the present life of believers. Our calling, our witness, our works are all based on the power of God’s gracious Spirit working within our lives (e.g., see Romans 1:16-17). Amazingly, the living LORD God (Father) sent His one and only Son Jesus Christ with His gracious Spirit, and everyone can receive God’s gracious and empowering Spirit through faith in His Son Jesus (e.g., see John 1:14, 16-18; Acts 11:15-17; Hebrews 10:29). Jesus is One with His Father, the true and living LORD God of heaven (e.g., see John 1:1-3, 18; John 14:6). The early church as displayed in the book of Acts grew and flourished because of God’s gracious Spirit working through believers of Jesus Christ (e.g., see Acts 4:33; Acts 6:8-10; Acts 11:22-24; Acts 14:26). Amazingly, the gracious Spirit is the SAME POWER given to believers of Jesus that the living LORD God used to raise His Son from the grace (see Ephesians 1:19-20)!

References

Amplified Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1987).

ESV Study Bible, English Standard Version (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008).

NLT Study Bible (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Pub., 2008).

The Living Bible Paraphrase (Tyndale House, 1971).

Zondervan NIV Study Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).

Butler, Trent C. Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003).

Wiersbe, Warren W. Bible Exposition Commentary – Old Testament (Victor Books, 1989).

---

[1] The Holy Scriptures describes three Temples. The first Temple built and completed by King Solomon but destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC (e.g., see 1 Kings 5:1-9:10; 2 Kings 25:8-21; Jeremiah 52:12-27). The second Temple was completed under the leadership of Zerubbabel and Joshua after the Babylonian Exile (see Ezra 6:15-16). In the New Testament, Herod the Great expanded the second Temple. All three were located on a prominent hill north of David’s capital city, which he conquered from the Jebusites (see 2 Samuel 5:6-7). The book of Chronicles identifies this hill with Mount Moriah, where Abraham had been willing to offer Isaac (2 Chronicles 3:1; see also Genesis 22:1-14). Thus, the Temple mount in Jerusalem is called Mount Moriah. Today, the Temple’s location is now the site of the Dome of the Rock, center of the Muslim enclosure called Haram es-Sharif (the third holiest place in Islam, after Mecca and Medina). This enclosure is basically what is left of Herod’s enlarged Temple platform, the masonry of which may best be seen in its Western Wall, the holiest place within Judaism since the Roman destruction of Herod’s Temple in AD 70. The Apostle Paul thought of the church and believers of Jesus as the new Temple indwelt with the Holy Spirit (LORD’s Presence) (e.g., see 1 Corinthians 3:16-17; 1 Corinthians 6:19-20; 2 Corinthians 6:16-18). For the Apostle John, the ideal which the Temple represented will ultimately be realized in a “new Jerusalem” (see Revelation 21:2).