1
Then I (John) saw an angel coming down from heaven with the key to the
bottomless pit (Abyss) and a heavy chain in his hand. 2 He seized
the dragon—that old serpent, who is the devil, Satan—and bound him in chains
for a thousand years. 3 The angel threw him into the bottomless pit
(Abyss), which he then shut and locked so Satan could not deceive the nations
anymore until the thousand years were finished. Afterward he must be released
for a little while.
4
Then I saw thrones, and the people sitting on them had been given the authority
to judge. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded (martyred or
killed) for their testimony about Jesus and for proclaiming the Word of God.
They had not worshiped the beast or his statue, nor accepted his mark on their
forehead or their hands. They all came to life again, and they reigned with
Christ for a thousand years. 5 This is the first resurrection.
(The rest of the dead did not come back to life until the thousand years had
ended.) 6 Blessed and holy are those who share in the first
resurrection. For them the second death holds no power, but they will be
priests of God and of Christ (Messiah) and will reign with Him a thousand
years.
7
When the thousand years come to an end, Satan will be let out of his prison
(confinement). 8 He will go out to deceive (seduce, lead astray) the
nations—called Gog and Magog—in every corner of the earth (four corners of the
earth). He will gather them together for battle (war)—a mighty army, as
numberless as sand along the seashore. 9 And I saw them as they went
up on the broad plain of the earth and surrounded God’s people (saints) and the
beloved city. But fire from heaven came down on the attacking armies and
consumed them. 10 Then the devil, who had deceived (seduce, lead
astray) them, was thrown into the fiery lake of burning sulfur (brimstone),
joining the beast and the false prophet. There they will be tormented day and
night forever and ever.
11 And I saw a great white throne and the One
sitting on it. The earth and sky fled from His presence, but they found no
place to hide. 12 I saw the dead, both great and small, standing
before God’s throne. And the books were opened, including the Book of Life. And
the dead were judged (sentenced) according to what they had done, as recorded
in the books. 13 The sea gave up its dead, and death and the grave (Hades)
gave up their dead. And all were judged (cases tried and determined) according
to their deeds (motives and works). 14 Then death and the grave (Hades)
were thrown into the lake of fire. This lake of fire is the second death.
15 And anyone whose name was not found recorded in the Book of Life
was thrown into the lake of fire. Revelation 20:1-15 (NLT)
Revelation
20 reveals God’s final destruction of Satan and God’s final judgment of
humanity. As mentioned previously beginning at Revelation 17:1 and ending with
Revelation 20:15, John describes God and His Son Jesus the Lamb’s final victory
over evil – the unholy trinity (Satan the dragon, the beast (antichrist), and
the false prophet), their wicked woman, and people who follow the ways of evil
(see Revelation 17:15-18; Revelation 19:19-21; Revelation 20:7-10). Having
defeated the wicked woman in chapter 17 and the beast (antichrist) and the
false prophet in chapter 19, John now turns to the ultimate enemy who has
deceived the nations – the dragon. The Holy Scriptures identify our ultimate
enemy by four sinister names: the dragon, the ancient serpent, the devil, or
Satan (Revelation 20:2; see also Genesis 3:1; Job 1:7; Revelation 12:9).
Revelation
20 consists of three parts. The first verses of Revelation 20 describe the millennium
(see Revelation 20:1-6). The second part of Revelation 20 reveals the dragon
and his armies final battle against God’s people and God’s utter defeat and
judgment of dragon’s and his evil alliance (see Revelation 20:7-10). The third
part of Revelation 20 reveals the final judgment of humanity (see Revelation 20:11-15).
Revelation
20 begins with John, the human author of Revelation, seeing an angel coming
down from heaven with a heavy chain in his hand and the key to the bottomless
pit also called the “Abyss” (Revelation 20:1). The “bottomless pit” is not the
same as hell, also called the “lake of fire” (see also Revelation 9:1-2, 11;
Revelation 11:7; Revelation 17:8). The lake of fire is the final “prison” for
Satan
the dragon, the beast (antichrist), the false prophet), and everyone who follow
the ways of evil (see Revelation 19:19-21; Revelation 20:10, 15). Rather, the
Abyss is part of that hidden underworld under God’s authority for the
confinement of evil spirits awaiting the final judgment (Revelation 9:1; see
also Luke 8:31; Jude 6).
This
heavenly angel seized the dragon—that old serpent who is the devil, Satan—and
bound the dragon for a thousand years (Revelation 20:2). Then, the angel threw
the dragon into the bottomless pit, which he then shut and locked so that the
dragon could not deceive the nations any more until the thousand years were
finished (Revelation 20:3). After the thousand years, the dragon will be
released again from the bottomless pit for a little while or short time
(Revelation 20:3). First,
the dragon was cast out of heaven (see Revelation 12:9), and now he is cast out
of earth for a thousand years!
During
this thousand-year period, John saw thrones in heaven and sitting on these
thrones were those who were given the right to judge (Revelation 20:4; see also
Matthew 19:28; 1 Corinthians 6:2-3). Also, John saw the souls of those who had
been martyred or killed for their faithful testimony about God’s Son Jesus and for
proclaiming the Word of God (Revelation 20:4; see also Revelation 6:9-11).
These faithful believers had not worshiped the beast (the antichrist) or his
statue and neither did these faithful believers accept the beast’s mark on their
foreheads or their hands (Revelation 20:4; see also Revelation 13:16-18). John
saw these faithful believers coming back to life again and reigning with Jesus in
this millennial blessedness (a thousand years) (Revelation 20:4). This is the first
resurrection (Revelation 20:5). The rest of the dead did not come back to life
until the thousand years had ended (Revelation 20:5). John proclaimed, “Blessed
and holy is the one who shares in the first resurrection! Over such the second
death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they
will reign with Him for a thousand years” (Revelation 20:6, ESV).
Interestingly,
John identifies these faithful believers as “priests of God and of Christ”
(Revelation 20:6; see also Revelation 1:6; 1 Peter 2:5). At Mount Sinai, God
promised the Israelites that if they would obey His voice and keep His
commandments, they would be to Him a kingdom of priests and a holy nation
(Exodus 19:5-6; see also 1 Peter 2:5, 9-12). These faithful believers, by remaining
true and obedient to Jesus in the final trial with the beast (antichrist), are
thus priests of God and Jesus (see also Revelation 1:6; Revelation 5:10).
When
the thousand-year imprisonment end, the dragon is released from his prison and permitted
to lead one last revolt with his evil army (Revelation 20:7-9). The when who,
and why the dragon is released from his prison is an undisclosed mystery of
Revelation. The dragon will resume his evil ways of deception and dishonesty
and go out to deceive the nations of the world just like the false prophet (Revelation
20:8; see also Matthew 7:15-20; Revelation 12:9; Revelation 13:14; Revelation
19:20). Even more, the dragon will gather his evil alliance from the four
corners of the world—Gog and Magog—for battle with his propaganda (Revelation
20:8).
The
two mysterious figures “Gog and Magog” are obedient tools of the dragon
participating in the final battle with the dragon (Revelation 20:8). The Old
Testament prophet Ezekiel refers to “Gog, of the land of Magog, the chief
prince of the Meshech and Tubal,” who will come from the north against God’s
people living peacefully in the land (see Ezekiel 38:2). Whereas in the Old
Testament book of Ezekiel Magog is the territory of which Gog is the ruler. In
the book of Revelation, Gog and Magog are parallel names, used together of the
world powers or nations opposed to the true and living God and His faithful
people.
Many
scholars have tried to identify the Gog and Magog. However, Bible interpreters
disagree on Gog and Magog’s identity. More than ordinary enemies, Gog and Magog
are a personification of evil – evil that has fought God’s people from the very
beginning. Interestingly, Ezekiel chapters 38 and 39 reveal God also delivering
His people by destroying Gog with fire from heaven (see Ezekiel 38:21-22;
Ezekiel 39:6).
The
dragon’s evil army will be as numberless as sand along the shore (Revelation
20:8). The dragon and his evil army will go up across the broad plain of the
earth and surround God’s faithful people, the city He loves (Revelation 20:9;
see also Revelation 21:2). The camp of God’s people is also His beloved city. But
fire came down from heaven and devoured them. Interestingly, John does not
describe the actual battle. Fire from God in heaven will flash down on the dragon
and his attacking armies and completely consume them (Revelation 20:9). The
Lord God Almighty defeated all the evil forces (Revelation 20:9-10; see also
Deuteronomy 28:7; Romans 8:31; Hebrews 13:5-6). If you faithfully follow and
obey God, you will experience victory!
Following
the dragon’s defeat, the dragon who had deceived the nations will once again be
captured and thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur where his evil cohorts the
beast and the false prophet were (Revelation 20:10; see also Revelation 19:20).
The unholy trinity (Satan the dragon, the beast (antichrist), and the false
prophet) will be tormented day and night forever and ever (Revelation 20:10). God
has defeated utterly evil!
The
phrase “thousand years” occurs six times in Revelation 20:1-7. This period in
history is known as “the millennium.” The account of the thousand-year period
in chapter 20 is the only place in the Holy Scriptures that mentions the
millennium, and these verses are among the most controversial in Revelation.
Over centuries, biblical scholars have interpreted the thousand-year reign in a
variety of ways. Postmillennialism believes that the church itself will bring
about a time of peace and prosperity in preparation for the return of Jesus
Christ through its expanding influence. This view was far more popular in the
19th century when people were optimistic about progress and the
future. Premillennialism believes that Jesus Christ will return to earth and
reign here in person, ushering in a period of great peace. During this period,
Satan the dragon will be bound up, but he will lead a final revolt at the end
of the thousand years. Amillennialism interprets the thousand-year passage much
less literally. Some amillennialism holds that the millennium has already been
going on, but the reign of Jesus Christ is taking place in heaven, not on
earth. Others believe the church is establishing the kingdom of Christ, now,
between Jesus’s first and second coming. Because the Holy Scriptures provides so
little information on the millennium, no one can be completely sure the meaning
of the “thousand years.” The “thousand years” period itself may be symbolic,
standing for a very long period of time. These holding each view read John’s
millennial vision in terms of their understanding of other biblical texts and
their approach to prophetic literature as a whole. Regardless, all positions
agree that ultimately this world will end. Each of these interpretations affirms
the central truth: Jesus will return as promised (see John 14:3), and will
destroy the forces of evil and establish God’s eternal kingdom.
Then,
John saw a great white throne and One sitting on His great white throne (Revelation
20:11). From One’s presence, earth and sky fled away, and no place was found
for the earth and sky (Revelation 20:11). Also, John saw all the dead, great
and small, standing before God’s throne and the books were opened, including
the book of life (Revelation 20:12). THIS IS THE FINAL JUDGMENT AND EVERYONE
WILL BE PRESENT!
There
is some question about the identity of the One sitting upon throne (Revelation
20:11). The New Testament generally teaches that judgment has been committed to
God’s Son, Jesus Christ (see e.g., Matthew 25:31-33; John 5:22; Acts 10:42; 2
Corinthians 5:10; 2 Timothy 4:1). Yet Revelation 20:11 present God the Father
as the judge. Elsewhere in Revelation the One seated upon the throne is God the
Father (see e.g., Revelation 4:2, 9; Revelation 5:1, 7, 13; Revelation 6:16; Revelation
7:10, 15; Revelation 19:4; Revelation 21:5). The ease with which the New
Testament speaks both about the judgment seat of Jesus Christ (see 2
Corinthians 5:10) and the judgment seat of God (Romans 14:10) implies unity of
God the Father and His Son, Jesus (see e.g., Revelation 11:15). In his Gospel,
John records that statement of Jesus, “I and the Father are One” (John 10:30;
see also Deuteronomy 6:4; John 14:9; John 17:11, 22). Jesus is God (see e.g.,
John 1:1-5, 14; John 14:9; 2 Corinthians 4:4; Philippians 2:6)
In
John’s vision, God judged all the dead small and great according to the things
written in the books, each according to the deeds he or she had done while
living (Revelation 20:12; see also Daniel 7:9-10; Romans 2:6-11; 2 Corinthians
5:10). The seas also gave up the bodies buried in them as well as the earth and
the underworld gave up the dead in them (Revelation 20:13). Everyone was judged
according to his or her deeds (Revelation 20:13). John makes clear that the One
sitting on the throne will judge everyone “according to what they had done”
(Revelation 20:13). The opening of the books suggests that our earthly lives
are important and meaningful, and are taken into account at the end. Then death
and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire (Revelation 20:14). Death and Hades
are personified as the last great evil enemies of humanity (see also 1
Corinthians 15:26). Death entered the world as a consequence of Adam and Eve’s
sin and disobedience in the Garden of Eden (also known as the “Great Fall”)
(Genesis 3; see also Romans 5:12). As result of Adam and Eve’s sin, all
humanity not only become subject death (see Hebrews 9:27) but also enslaved by
the fear of death (see Hebrews 2:15). This is the second death—the lake of fire
(Revelation 20:14). If anyone’s name was not found recorded in God’s book of life,
that person was thrown into the lake of eternal fire (Revelation 20:15; see
also Matthew 25:41). The final judgment clears the scene for the establishment
of the new heaven and the new earth, from which sin and death are banished
forevermore (Revelation 21:1-5; see also Isaiah 65:17; Isaiah 66:22; 2 Peter
3:10-13). The true and living God will judge and condemn evildoers for their
evil and wicked deeds, and they will be cast eternally into the lake of fire.
That
books will be consulted in the final judgment is an idea found in many ancient
traditions – Biblical and nonbiblical. Besides nonbiblical sources, the
conception of a heavenly register is mentioned in various parts of the Old
Testament (see e.g., Exodus 32:32-33; Psalm 69:28; Daniel 7:10; Malachi 3:16). Divine
judgment that takes account of works is spoken of also in Psalm 62:12; Jeremiah
17:10; Romans 2:6; and 1 Peter 1:17. The issue is not salvation by works and
deeds, but our good works and deeds are overwhelming evidence of a person’s genuine
relationship with God (Ephesians 2:10). In addition to the record of people’s
earthly deeds, there is another book to be opened called the “book of life.” John
mentions the book of life five times throughout Revelation (see Revelation 3:5;
Revelation 13:8; Revelation 17:8; Revelation 20:12, 15; Revelation 21:27). The
Holy Scriptures also speak of the “book of life” containing the names of God's faithful
people at Luke 10:20 and Philippians 4:3 (see also e.g., Isaiah 4:3; Daniel
12:1; Hebrews 12:23). The relationship between the record of people’s deeds and
the book of life is not clear. In any case, judgment proceeds on the evidence
supplied by both the record of deeds and the book of life.
Moreover,
many people reject the biblical doctrine of hell or the eternal fire as being “unchristian.”
However, Jesus clearly taught of hell’s reality during His public ministry on
earth (see e.g., Matthew 18:8; Matthew 23:15, 33; Matthew 25:46; Mark 9:46). However,
the true and living God has given everyone an opportunity to avoid the eternal
lake of fire by sending His one and only begotten Son to save us from our sins
(see e.g., Matthew 1:21; Luke 2:10-11; John 3:16-18; Acts 4:12; Acts 13:28).
Everyone who faithfully BELIEVES AND
OBEYS Jesus as God’s Son will be saved from the lake of fire and
adopted into God’s family (see e.g., John 1:12-13; Luke 19:10; John 3:16-17;
John 12:44-50; Galatians 3:26). Thus, the true and living God who is merciful
and kind has graciously given everyone an opportunity to avoid and escape the
eternal lake of fire by ACCEPTING, BELIEVING, AND OBEYING His Son, Jesus and REPENTING
(TURNING) from their sins and wickedness. Jesus Christ is the only way
of salvation (see e.g., John 5:24; John 14:9; Acts 4:12). The true and living
God takes no pleasure in the death of people (see e.g., Ezekiel 33:11; 1
Timothy 2:3-4). Therefore, let everyone turn from wickedness and evil and wholeheartedly
turn to God with love and obedience to God and His ways so you can live
(see e.g., Deuteronomy 10:12-13; Ezekiel 33:11-20; Micah 6:6-8; Matthew 3:2, 8;
Matthew 4:17). For the wages of sin is death, but God gives the free gift of
eternal life through His Son, Christ Jesus our Lord (Romans 6:23; see also e.g.,
Proverbs 10:16; Ezekiel 18:4). The true and living God will judge everyone
according to his or her ways and deeds (see e.g., Ezekiel 18:30-32; Romans
2:6-10). If anyone turns from his or her sins and turn to God and His Son
Jesus, God is gracious to forgive them of their sins. While good deeds will not
save us, our salvation must lead to righteous actions (Ephesians 2:10; James
2:14-17; see also Ezekiel 18:5-9, 30-32). Our wholehearted love for God and
genuine love for others (good and kind deeds) attest to our genuine trust in
Jesus (see Matthew 22:34-40; see also e.g., Exodus 20:3–17; John 13:34-35; John
14:15; Romans 13:8-14). The soul who continually sins and fails to repent and
turn from wickedness shall die (Ezekiel 18:20-22). However, when anyone turns
away from evil and does what is just and right, he shall save his life (see
e.g., Isaiah 55:7; Ezekiel 18:27-28, 30-32).
THEREFORE, LET
EVERYONE REPENT!
Turn away from evil, wickedness, and disobedience and get a new heart and a new
spirit by faithfully, wholeheartedly, and genuinely turning to God and obeying
His ways (Ezekiel 18:30-31; see also Isaiah 1:16-20). Repent and live (Matthew
3:2; Matthew 4:17; see also Ezekiel 18:32)!
References
New
Student Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1992).
Zondervan NIV
Study Bible
(Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008).
Dr.
Loyd Melton, Ph.D., Senior Professor of New Testament (Due West, SC: Erskine
Theological Seminary, 2016).
Metzger,
Bruce. Breaking the Code: Understanding
the Book of Revelation (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 1993).
Mounce,
Robert H. The Book of Revelation (Grand
Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1998).
Wiersbe,
Warren W. Bible Exposition Commentary
–New Testament (Victor Books, 1989).